The same Bordeaux mixture: the nuances of use, instructions for use. Bordeaux mixture: preparation and use The composition of the Bordeaux mixture

19.05.2020

Bordeaux mixture is an indispensable drug against fungal diseases. Whatever "sores" are wound up on our plants, gardeners "with experience" immediately say that Bordeaux mixture (or Bordeaux liquid) is needed. Previously, there were simply no other drugs. But even now it has not lost its relevance. How to prepare Bordeaux mixture and when to use it?

WHAT DOES BORDEAUX MIXTURE TREAT?

Bordeaux mixture is a truly universal preparation. Judge for yourself, it helps:

When fighting scab and spotting on apple and pear;

Against mildew on grapes;

Against moniliosis and coccomycosis on stone fruits (plum, cherry, sweet cherry and apricot),

Protects them from curliness and klyasterosporiosis.

On berries and ornamental shrubs Bordeaux mixture is used against various leaf spots, and this list includes: currants, raspberries and gooseberries; roses, hydrangeas and viburnum; add strawberries here.

On vegetables, the Bordeaux mixture is used for late blight, peronosporosis and similar diseases. In short, all horticultural crops can be cured with Bordeaux mixture.

HOW TO COOKBORDEAUX BLEND?

Bordeaux mixture is a fungicide with a fairly strong effect. Moreover, the protective effect persists for a long time and even after precipitation. All this is explained chemical composition Bordeaux mixture.

It consists of two components: copper sulfate and quicklime (calcium hydroxide). In the package, these two powders are in different bags (photo 2).

Bordeaux mixture is easy to make. However, in order to obtain a quality drug, a number of conditions must be observed.

1. Bordeaux mixture is prepared only in wooden, clay, glass or plastic, but not metal utensils.

2. To obtain 10 liters of Bordeaux liquid 1% concentration in a small amount warm water dissolve 100 g of copper sulfate and add water to 5 liters of volume.

In another bowl, 100 g (or 150 g) of lime are quenched and water is also added to 5 liters. Then the resulting milk of lime is filtered through a sieve or a thin cloth and, stirring constantly, a solution of copper sulphate is poured into it in a thin stream. When mixing, the solutions should be cold.

Please note that the blue solution of copper sulphate must be poured into milk of lime, and not vice versa!

3. With the correct ratio of components, a homogeneous liquid of a beautiful blue color is obtained, similar to diluted jelly.

Properly prepared working mixture has a neutral or slightly alkaline reaction. You can check it with a litmus strip, which is sold in stores.

If the red litmus paper turns blue and the blue remains unchanged, the Bordeaux liquid is prepared correctly. In the absence of litmus paper, you can lower the nail into the liquid. If after a couple of minutes a red coating of copper forms on it, then the liquid has an acidic reaction and is not suitable for spraying, as it can cause burns on plants.

This slurry can easily be corrected by adding a little milk of lime until it becomes alkaline. True, its quality will be much worse than properly cooked immediately.

In no case should the solution be diluted with water, since in this case the Bordeaux liquid can delaminate!

4. The working solution should be used immediately on the day of preparation, as it loses its properties during storage. The drug will not adhere evenly to the plant, but will flow down in large particles, and its effect will be worse.

Freshly prepared solution has a bright sky-blue color. As a rule, this color changes during storage, which indicates a change in the properties of the working fluid.

WHEN AND HOW TO APPLY?

Before bud break, trees are sprayed against scab, coccomycosis and moniliosis, grapes - against mildew, roses - if they have not wintered well and traces of mold and stains are visible on them.

Plums, cherries and other stone fruits are subject to mandatory processing, since recently they have been suffering from coccomycosis and moniliosis every year!

Before bud break, a 3% solution of Bordeaux mixture is applied. The method of preparation is the same, but the number of components is somewhat different: 300 g of copper sulfate per 5 liters of water and 400 g of lime per 5 liters of water; strain, mix and spray. A small number of plants can be processed from plastic bottle with sprayer. Trees and large plantations of vegetables - from a garden sprayer.

Bordeaux liquid is a tool familiar to most gardeners and gardeners, it is actively used to combat and prevent fungal diseases of crops. But for beginners, the use of Bordeaux liquid is scary. This fear is rooted in ignorance and lack of experience. In order for the use of Bordeaux liquid to benefit the plants and not harm, it is necessary to properly prepare the solution, follow the proportions and rules for processing the garden. Read the instructions for using Bordeaux liquid in this article.

What is Bordeaux liquid

Bordeaux liquid is a solution that includes copper sulfate (chemical element copper sulfate, a powder with a bright blue tint) and slaked lime. Without knowing the composition of the Bordeaux liquid, inexperienced gardeners come to the conclusion that the treatment of crops with Bordeaux liquid is equated to dangerous chemical spraying. But in fact, the main ingredient of the solution, copper, is a trace element, without which the development of culture will not occur. Plants grown on soils poor in copper lag behind in development and growth, suffer from chlorosis, and are very rarely able to produce crops. In horticulture, a 3% and 1% solution of Bordeaux liquid is used; for the convenience of its preparation, packaging packages of 300 g and 100 g of copper sulphate are available for sale, respectively. To properly prepare a solution of Bordeaux liquid, follow the instructions given on the package with the product. An indicator of a properly prepared solution will be litmus paper. Checking the pH of the liquid should show a neutral or slightly alkaline reaction. Add more milk of lime if necessary. Prepare the solution for one use only, the liquid is not subject to storage.

Pros and cons of Bordeaux liquid

Let us consider in more detail the advantages of Bordeaux liquid.

The solution quickly reacts with the leaves and shoots of the plant. You can not be afraid of rain and watering, the solution is not so easy to wash off the sheet.
The terms of protection after processing are approximately one month. True, it is important to know that the quality of the purchased ingredients directly affects the duration of the protective functions. Claims to lime are especially common, buy powder in quality stores to be sure that there are no extra impurities in lime.
The versatility of Bordeaux liquid is known to every gardener. The drug copes with the treatment and protection of crops from any bacterial diseases, regardless of the reasons for their occurrence.

However, there are disadvantages of Bordeaux liquid, which are best known before using in the garden.

Destroys pesticides that are unstable in an alkaline environment.
The quality of protection depends on the thoroughness of processing. Bordeaux liquid is a contact fungicide, treated areas are protected, missed ones are not.
Copper tends to accumulate in the soil, an excess of copper negatively affects plants and the ecosystem in general.
Difficulties in application lie in the clogging of the spray gun. An improperly prepared solution can cause burns to the leaves.
The main drawback of copper is that it is poisonous to humans. Plants must be handled carefully, without falling on the fruit. Be sure to use protective equipment - a respirator and goggles for the eyes.

The use of Bordeaux liquid

Read the instructions for using Bordeaux liquid before you start working on the garden. Consider the features of the use of the solution in working with different types cultures.

Traditionally, spraying the garden with Bordeaux liquid is carried out twice a year. The spring processing of the garden must be carried out before the buds swell on the trees, the autumn processing of the garden - at the end of all work, at the end of November.
Spring and autumn spraying is carried out with a 3% solution of Bordeaux mixture. If it is necessary to repeat the treatment in the middle of the season, use a 1% solution of Bordeaux liquid.

Stone fruits are the exception. They are susceptible to preparations containing copper, so it is undesirable to treat them more than twice a year.
Carry out the processing of the garden in dry, calm and cool weather. A rainy day can cause burns on the leaves.
Cover tree trunks with liquid abundantly so that the solution, flowing down, flows into all the cracks, where harmful organisms usually gather.

Proper use of Bordeaux liquid is safe and effective. Do not neglect the instructions given in the article to protect plants from negative impact solution.

Bordeaux mixture 100 g, 960 g/kg copper sulfate +900 g/kg calcium hydroxide.

Bordeaux mixture serves to make Bordeaux liquid - the best remedy control of a number of plant diseases.

Means for the protection of fruit, vegetables, berries, melons, citrus, ornamental, flower and other crops from a complex of diseases.

To prepare 5 liters of a 1% (for copper sulfate) solution of Bordeaux liquid, 50 g of copper sulfate (copper sulfate) must be dissolved in a small amount of water (water temperature not higher than 50 ° C), bring the solution volume cold water up to 2.5 l. In another container, dilute calcium hydroxide (lime) 50 g in a small amount of water and bring the volume of the solution to 2.5 liters. The resulting solution of copper sulfate is slowly poured with mandatory stirring of the liquid to a solution of calcium hydroxide. Bordeaux liquid should be prepared immediately before spraying and used in full on the same day. You can not prepare a solution in an iron container !!!

For private households.

culture	Harmful object	Method, time, features of the drug	Waiting period (multiplicity of treatments)
The consumption rate of the drug is 50 g of copper sulfate + 50 g of lime / 5 l of water (one package of Bordeaux mixture of 100 g each)
Potato	fungicide, Alternariosis	Spraying during the growing season with a 1% working solution. Consumption of working liquid - 6 l/100 sq.m. m	15 days (4)
Onions (except onions on a feather)	Peronosporosis	Spraying during the growing season with a 1% working solution. Consumption of working liquid - 6-10 l/100 sq.m. m	15 days (3)
	coccomycosis		-(4)
citrus crops	scab, malsecco, anthracnose, bacterial necrosis, fruit rot	Spraying during the growing season with a 1% working solution. Working fluid consumption - 15-25 l / 100 sq. m	-(3)
Currant, gooseberry	anthracnose, rust, septoria		25 days (3)
Apple, pear, quince	scab, spotting, moniliosis	Spraying during the growing season with a 1% working solution. Consumption of working fluid - 10-20 l / 100 sq. m	15 days (6)
Strawberry, raspberry	leaf spot	Spraying during the growing season with a 1% working solution. Working fluid consumption - 8-10 l / 100 sq. m	-(2)
Ornamental and flower crops	rust, spotting	Spraying during the growing season with a 1% working solution. Consumption of working fluid - 10-15 l / 100 sq. m	-(2)
The rate of application of the drug is 300 - 400 g of copper sulfate + 400 g of lime / 10 l (8 packages of Bordeaux mixture of 100 g each)
Grape	mildew	Early spring "blue" spraying before bud break. Consumption of working fluid - 10-15 l / 100 sq. m	-(1)
Apricot, peach, plum, cherry, cherry	coccomycosis, curly, clusterosporiosis, moniliosis		-(1)
Raspberry, strawberry, blackberry	leaf spot	Early spring "blue" spraying before bud break. Working fluid consumption - 8-10 l / 100 sq. m	-(1)
Apple, pear, quince	scab, spotting, moniliosis	Early spring "blue" spraying before bud break. Consumption of working fluid - 10-20 l / 100 sq. m	-(1)

Bordeaux liquid for beginner gardeners seems to be something incomprehensible and difficult to use. Experienced people will say that there is nothing complicated here. And they will be right. Having prepared it yourself for the first time according to these instructions, you will understand that everything is quite simple. The main thing is to properly prepare it so that the processing is beneficial.

Bordeaux liquid was invented 100 years ago and is still effectively used by all gardeners around the world. It is a mixture of milk of lime and copper sulfate, a popular and effective insecticide used to treat fruit trees, shrubs, vegetables. A universal preparation that protects plantings not only from fungal, but also from bacterial infections.

In addition to treatment from plant diseases, the solution nourishes with a microelement - copper. Copper deficiency is more common in peaty and acidic sandy soils. Crops grown under such conditions suffer from chlorosis, which is manifested by a lag in the development and growth of the plant.

How to make Bordeaux liquid

The main active ingredient is copper sulphate, but its aqueous solution is a rather strong acid, which can burn the plant during processing. In order to neutralize the action of the acid, lime is used - alkali.

In the original recipe, it is better to use quicklime, that is, you must first extinguish the lime, and then use the resulting mass. Much easier to do otherwise. It is better to buy a special Bordeaux mixture. Here, the required amount of vitriol and lime (fluff) has already been measured. The package contains 100 g of copper sulfate and 200 g of slaked lime.

This package is designed to prepare a 1% solution for 10 liters of water. If you are conducting the first autumn spraying, then you need to prepare a 3% solution. So, for its preparation, 3 such packages are needed for a bucket of water.

How to do it right

Prepare 2 plastic buckets, in one of them we will plant vitriol, in the other - lime. Never use iron buckets to prepare solutions.

First, we breed vitriol. Pour 100 g (half a glass) into a bucket, add a little water first and stir. Shaking the bucket, let the powder dissolve. Then add up to 5 liters of water. For dissolution, it is better to use sparingly. hot water so the powder dissolves faster.
We open the package with lime. It's small in the package. Naturally, if it gets on the mucous membranes, it can cause a burn, so be careful and careful. Better breed. Put on a respirator or mask. Gently pour the lime into a bucket, add a little water, stirring with a stick so that there are no lumps. Then add the remaining 5 liters of water to the bucket. Mix thoroughly.
When both solutions are ready, they are mixed. Pour the vitriol into the lime in a thin stream, constantly stirring with a stick. When mixed, a beautiful blue color is obtained.

Do not confuse! We pour vitriol into the liquid! And not vice versa.

Application in horticulture

A 3% solution of Bordeaux liquid is used for early spring processing, when the buds have not yet swollen. The same concentration is used for late autumn processing at the end of November. In different regions, the dates are different, March - April. The rest of the time, spraying is carried out with a 1% solution. The multiplicity of processing, concentration and what it is used for can be seen in this table.

Observe the concentration of the prepared liquid. An improperly prepared solution of Bordeaux liquid, for example, when using its own lime, the concentration may be impaired. By treating plants with such a solution, you can burn the leaves. If the concentration is less, you will not get the expected result after processing. This can be checked using the litmus paper that comes with the package.

The reaction should be neutral or slightly alkaline. This will be indicated by coloring the paper in blue. If it turns red, add some milk of lime to the solution and check again.

You can check the correct concentration of the solution in a simple way. Dip any iron object (nail, wire, knife, etc.) into the liquid. If there is an excess of copper, then red spots will remain on the surface - traces of copper. If not, then the solution is normal and can be used.

When mixing, the solutions should be cooled down, so you get a good working solution.
It is forbidden to add water to the already prepared working solution.
Spraying is best done from a special sprayer.
Be sure to filter the working solution before spraying.
Wear protective clothing, gloves, respirator or mask when spraying. After work, remove protective clothing and be sure to wash your hands and face.
Use the prepared solution on the day of its preparation. The next day beneficial features insecticide is lost.
Processing is carried out in dry and cool weather, as when high humidity leaf scorch is possible.
It is advisable to thoroughly moisten the plant completely before treatment with Bordeaux liquid, so that the liquid flowing down gets into all the cracks in the bark. That's where it accumulates the largest number fungi and bacteria, as well as pests.

Analogues of Bordeaux liquid

For beginners, dilution and application of Bordeaux liquid will seem difficult. Therefore, it is often asked whether there are similar fungicides that are easy to use and equally effective. On sale there are drugs:

Abigo Peak,
Kuproksat,

The price of such drugs is not high, and they are no less effective. There are others more effective drugs that "heal" the plant from the inside. Of course they cost a little more. These include Oksikhom and Polyhom. The advantage of their use is that they can be mixed with pest control products, as well as stimulants and fertilizers. Of course, Bordeaux liquid cannot work like that, it cannot be mixed with anything.

There are preparations much stronger than Bordeaux liquid: Strobi, Kvardis, Skor, Ridomil, Akrabat and Vectra.

A ready-made solution of Bordeaux liquid is also on sale - a concentrate in a bottle. For use, the finished water-suspension concentrate is diluted with water, according to the instructions for use. In this case, it is not necessary to separately dilute the components, combine them and check the correct concentration.

Destroying the vineyards of Bordeaux, the French botanist accidentally added lime to the copper solution. The accident turned out to be a happy one: the mixture saved hundreds of acres of grapes, saves orchards to this day. Note to the farmer: the use of Bordeaux mixture and preparation, instructions for use, compatibility, safety information.

Dry Bordeaux mixture - copper sulphate mixed with lime. An aqueous solution of the mixture is called Bordeaux liquid. It is available as a ready-to-use powder solution. The active substance is copper ions, lime acts as a neutralizer.

Depending on the concentration of the Bordeaux mixture (liquid), three processing methods are practiced:

blue spraying (eradicating) - processing of fruit crops in the dormant phase, before the buds swell or after leaf fall, in October-November;

Tree processing

green cone - garden treatment with a 3-4% solution in the bud opening phase;
spraying at the stage of vegetation of fruit and vegetable crops, berries with a 1% solution.

Compound 2 safety class: when working with reagents, protective equipment is required. The waiting period is about 15 days.

Preparation of a working solution: how to dilute correctly

The basic composition of Bordeaux liquid:

water 10-10.2 l;
quicklime 100-110 g;
copper sulfate 100-110 g.

The optimal ratio of components is 1:3.5.

Attention! You can not change the order of introduction of reagents, the concentration of components, the percentage, dilute the mixture with water.

The procedure is as follows:

Powder of copper sulphate in the indicated amount is dissolved in a small volume warm water(t up to 50 C).
Bring the volume to a full 9 liters, cool.
An excess solution of lime is obtained: calcium hydroxide is diluted in a small volume of chilled soft water.
They are preparing the so-called. milk of lime: the total volume of the creamy mass is adjusted to 1 liter, filtered.
The copper solution is introduced into lime water (i.e. filtered milk of lime), mixed.
Check the pH.

Advice! When working with the mixture and reagents, metal utensils are not used to avoid oxidative processes.

A properly prepared preparation is a suspension of colloidal particles, absolutely stable, without sediment, light blue in color. The pH reaction is neutral or slightly alkaline. A solution with an acidic reaction leads to burns, with a strongly alkaline one, it almost does not linger on the leaves. Lime water is added to neutralize the mixture.

Bordeaux mixture is diluted before use. The mixture is stable for about 6 hours, after which a precipitate forms.

Application rates and use cases

Application rates and percentage concentration depend on the type of crop, on the stage of vegetation, on the condition of the plants. AT orchard, on shrubs for blue spraying use a 3% solution. Consumption in the orchard - up to 20 liters per 100 m2.

The mixture is effective for the following crops:

on a pear, quince, apple tree - against scab, moniliosis, etc .;
on cherries and sweet cherries, plums and other stone fruits - against coccomycosis, moniliosis, curliness, clasterosporiasis;
on berry bushes - against fungal spotting.

Attention! Processing is not carried out with dew, in wet weather, at high temperatures. Spraying after rain, in the heat, threatens with an extensive burn of the leaves.

At the time of vegetation, a 1% solution is used. Up to 6 treatments are carried out on apple, vine and pear, ornamental and flower crops. On cherries and apricots, plums and cherries, potatoes, tomatoes, the maximum multiplicity is 4 treatments. Strawberries and raspberries, cucumbers and beets, onions, watermelons, flower crops are processed three times.

Application, consumption rates of 1% Bordeaux mixture depending on the crop and the harmful object:

in vineyards: against mildew, black rot, rubella and anthracnose - up to 1.5 l / 10 m2;
on fruit-bearing apple, pear: against leaf spots, moniliosis and scab, etc. - up to 9-10 liters per tree;
on all stone fruits: clasterosporiasis, moniliosis, coccomycosis - up to 10 l;

currant, gooseberry: septoria, rust, anthracnose - up to 1.5 liters per bush;
strawberries, raspberries: white, brown spots up to 1.3-1.5 per 10 m2;
potatoes: late blight, macrosporiosis - 1 l / 10 m2;
tomatoes: late blight, etc. - 2 l / 10 m2;
cucumbers, melon, watermelon: anthracnose, olive blotch - 1-1.5 l / 9-10 m2;
beets (all types): peronosporosis, rust, cercosporosis - 1 l / 8-10 m2;
onions (not feather): transfer, rot, rust - up to 1 l / 10 m2;

Features of use and disadvantages: what is important to know

Bordeaux mixture is not compatible with any protective preparations, except for colloidal sulfur.
You should not use soap as a “sticker”: an alkaline environment will shift the pH of the mixture.
The use of copper-containing fungicides inhibits the growth of vine shoots, dries the bark of rootstocks.
The mixture can cause burns, mesh on the fruit, yellowing of the leaves.
Frequent processing provokes phyllosticosis on the apple tree.
Some varieties of grapes, berries, roses, apricots, cherries are prone to burns - they use copper-containing analogues of HOM, Kuprosat, etc.
Frequent use leads to an excess of copper salts in the soil.

A short-term effect can also be called a disadvantage: on an apple tree, the mixture provides protection against the same scab for 6-8 days. The protection time of eradicating spraying is up to a month, but possible burns should be taken into account.

Given such negative reviews as vine growth inhibition, bark drying, incompatibility with protective equipment, growers often choose fungicides that do not contain copper or sparing copper-containing fungicides. And not every gardener today will go for total irrigation with vitriol of an apple tree in the garden and potatoes in the garden. The remedy is remembered if it is necessary to eradicate spraying, in search of an extremely inexpensive drug. And, in general, effective - this cannot be taken away from the mixture from Bordeaux.