Why has the flag changed? History lesson: Why did the Russian flag change? Russian flag. History of origin, changes in different periods of history, modern version Why the Russian flag owes the fleet
The flag is the state symbol of Russia
Goals:
- To instill in children a respectful attitude towards the state symbols of Russia, the Constitution, the basic law of the country.
- Expand students' understanding of their home country.
- To acquaint children with the new concepts of “standard”, “banner”, “vexillology”.
- To develop the cognitive activity of students.
Event progress.
(Slide 1) State symbols have their own history. They have come a long way in their development; deep meaning, their creators were driven by wonderful and kind ideas
(Slide 2) At the sound of the anthem, the heart begins to beat excitedly. Sports fans resolutely paint their faces in "state" colors. Competition winners often shed tears when the flag of their home country flies up.
(Slide 3 ) All these manifestations of pride and love for their homeland are expressed through respect for its symbols. Without their veneration, without knowledge of their history, without understanding, the meaning inherent in them, the social and personal development of a young citizen of Russia is impossible.
Today we will talk about one of the symbols of Russia - the flag.
(Slide 4) In the era of the Great geographical discoveries, sailors and travelers set the flags of their states on new lands. Thus denoting the possessions of their countries.
(Slide 5) When in 1911 the Norwegian researcher R. Amundsen was the first to reach south pole, he planted the flag of Norway there, as a symbol that the honor of discovering the south pole belongs to the Norwegians.
(Slide 6) When in 1969, for the first time in the history of mankind, American astronauts set foot on the surface of the Moon, the Americans hoisted the US flag there.
(Slide 7) The word "flag" is of Dutch origin and means "ship's flag". Indeed, there is much in common between the flag and the banner: both are a cloth with various emblems and inscriptions attached to a pole or cord.
There are different flags. The world of flags is large and diverse.
(Slide 8) The word "banner" comes from the word "sign, sign, sign." The banner is a sign of the one to whom it belongs, his symbol.
In medieval Russia, military units and military regalia were also called banners. Russian banners owe their origin to military affairs.
The banner is a symbol of unification. The troops lined up around the battle flags. The banner meant the headquarters (tent) of the commander and the center of the battle order. The number of banners determined the number of troops.
(Slide 9) Raising the banner meant readiness for battle, lowering it meant admitting defeat. Therefore, in the battle, the soldiers sought to break through to the enemy banner in order to cut it down and capture it. The loss of the banner laid down a heavy shame on the entire military unit. The capture of the enemy banner in battle was considered a special distinction.
(Slide 10 ) Not only military units can have banners, there are also banners of organizations. There are differences between the banners and the flag. Flags are usually made from lighter material. They have simpler images. Banners can have different emblems and inscriptions, often complex compositions. Unlike flags, banners are not flown for a long time. They are stored rolled up and used in certain cases.
(Slide 11) Banners are carried by certain people - standard-bearers. They guard the banner in battle. The banner is considered a symbol of a military unit or organization (we have a cadet school).
The banner consists of several parts, the main thing is the cloth. Usually the panels are rectangular, but they can have other shapes. The cloth is attached to the shaft, which is crowned with a pommel. The tops are made in the form of some kind of emblem. Ribbons, cords with tassels can also be attached to it. Emblems and inscriptions, as a rule, are drawn or hung on the banner and placed on both sides of it. Wherein front side considered deployed to the right of the staff in relation to the viewer.
(Slide 12) Standards are a variety of banners. Once upon a time, regimental banners in the cavalry were called standards, today the standard is the flag of the head of state, its leaders, accompanying them during the solemn ceremony. The standard has a smaller size than ordinary banners and flags. As a rule, the flag is square in shape.
Banners also belong to banners. The banner is a church banner. In fact, this is an icon depicted on the canvas. Banners usually bear the image of Christ, the Mother of God, saints, the cross, as well as the texts of the Holy Scriptures and prayers. Banners are taken out during religious processions and other church rituals. In the old days, battle banners were also called banners.
There is a historical science "vexillology" (from the Roman "vexillum" - banner), which studies the banners.
Each country, as everyone knows, has its own flag.
The constitution, adopted in 1993, determined that the description and procedure for the official use of the state flag is established by federal constitutional law. This law was passed State Duma December 8, 2000, signed by President V.V. Putin on December 25, and officially published on December 27, 2000. Its description is as follows: The State Flag of the Russian Federation is a panel of three equal horizontal stripes: the top is white, the middle is blue and the bottom is red. The ratio of the flag's width to its length is 2:3.
(Slide 13) The national flag of the Russian Federation is constantly raised on the buildings of the authorities of our country. It is hung out on public holidays and solemn ceremonies.
It is raised on the buildings of Russian diplomatic missions abroad.
(Slide 14) As a stern flag, it flies on the masts of Russian ships.
(Slide 15 ) Three-color images of the flag are applied to the aircraft of the Russian Federation and to its spacecraft. The flag indicates belonging to Russia, designates its territory, confirms state functions those organs over whose buildings it flies.
(Slide 16) The national flag is also raised during official ceremonies and celebrations. Every day it rises at the place of permanent residence of Russian military units.
(Slide 17) On days of national mourning, the flag is lowered or a black ribbon is attached to the top of the flagpole. This testifies to the sorrow of the entire state, of the entire people.
The flag is our sacred object, and we must treat it with respect and reverence.
By your birth Russian flag indebted to the domestic fleet. In 1667-1669, the first flotilla of Russia was built in the village of Dedinovo on the Oka. We had to choose a flag for the ship. The captain of the ship "Eagle" D. Butler asked the government what flags his flotilla should raise: "It happens on ships, which state has a ship, that state also has a banner"
Indeed, the flag of a particular country showed that this ship belongs to her, is her territory. By that time, the leading maritime powers already had their own flags. It is from maritime flags that many state flags originate. In April 1668, Russian ships were ordered to issue a large number of matter of white, blue and red, but we do not know exactly how these colors were located on the first Russian flags. Some researchers believe that the flag consisted of four parts.
(Slide 19) The Russian tricolor probably originated from the Dutch model(Slide 30) . It is likely that Alexei Mikhailovich, and then Peter I, took as a basis the combination of the colors of the Dutch flag (orange, white and blue)
The arrangement of the stripes on the Russian flag was different and reflected Russian traditions. The red color, the color of blood, as it were, denoted the earthly world, blue - the celestial sphere, white - the divine light. All three colors have long been revered in Russia.
(Slide 20) Red was considered a symbol of courage and courage, as well as a synonym for beauty. The blue color was the symbol of the Mother of God. White color personified peace, purity, nobility.
(Slide 21) In 1705, the "Book of Flags" by the Dutchman K. Alyard was published in Amsterdam. By order of Peter I, this book was translated into Russian. It shows and describes the flags and pennants of many countries. Interestingly, this edition includes a description of the flags of "His Royal Majesty of Moscow." The first flag, as Alard writes, “is divided into three, the upper stripe is white, the middle one is blue, and the bottom one is red. A double-headed eagle is crowned on a blue stripe of gold with royal karuna, having a red brand in its heart with a silver Saint George without a Serpent. The second banner also has stripes - white, blue, red, and these stripes are "cut" by the blue St. Andrew's cross. Apostle Andrew was considered the patron saint of Russia and navigation.
(Slide 22) St. Andrew's flag appeared in the era of Peter I around 1707. This flag is a blue oblique cross on a white field. St. Andrew's flag became the flag of the navy of the Russian Empire. Thus, the navy sailed under the St. Andrew's flag, while the civil and merchant fleet flew under the white-blue-red one.
So guys, today you got acquainted with the symbols state power Russia, with a part of Russian history.
That is why the attitude to the emblem, flag and anthem is also the attitude to the state itself. And it should be respectful not only to their Fatherland. Insulting state symbols is akin to insulting both the state and its people, its history and culture.
The state chooses features. Own flag, coat of arms and anthem of Russia are essential attributes. For several centuries, the banner has changed.
The Russian flag of white-blue-red was finally approved in 1991. Since 1994, when the President signed the relevant decree, the Russian Flag Day is traditionally celebrated on August 22 every year.
History of appearance
It is not known for certain when it appeared and who invented the banner used today as a state flag. Russian Federation. There are a huge number of versions.
Historians believe that the modern flag of the Russian Federation owes its appearance to the emperor. It was he who first used the tricolor as a symbol of the fleet. The emperor thus designated the belonging of the ship to a certain power.
It is not known why Peter I chose this particular color variation for the imperial flag. Historians offer many different theories. Some believe that the emperor was so willing to support other states that have similar colors on their flags. Others say that only white, red and blue fabrics were in stock.
Despite references to the symbol in Ancient Russia, it began to be used during the reign of Peter I. The emperor used it in diplomatic missions, trade and in military operations.
The meaning of the national flag for the country
It was difficult to determine the belonging of merchant ships, army troops or a settlement to a certain power. Flags were used to solve the problem. Bright canvases, erected in a conspicuous place, were a means of identification.
At present, the symbol of the state contributes to the education of patriotism, respect for the native land, gives a sense of spiritual and blood unity. The national flag is of great importance in international relations.
The meaning of the colors of the tricolor
There are many versions of the interpretation of the shades used in the state symbol of Russia. According to one of the unofficial interpretations, the meaning of flowers represents:
- white - purity, purity, innocence;
- blue - faith and constancy;
- red - the blood that was shed for the sovereignty of the state by the ancestors.
Considering that the history of the appearance of the symbol has more than three centuries, there is also a historical version of the interpretation of the tricolor. The ancient Slavs believed that the location of the stripes on the flag and their color is a reflection of the structure of the world. In this case, the top stripe symbolizes the divine world, the middle - blue - the heavenly world, and the bottom - the physical.
Another version - the flag reflects the unity of the three fraternal peoples. Then the red stripe is a symbol of Great Russia, the blue one is Little Russia, and the white one is Belarus. The most common interpretation is freedom, faith and sovereignty, respectively, according to the location of the bands.
Symbols of the troops of the Russian army
In addition to the standards of commanders and banners, each branch of the Russian Federation has distinctive symbols - flags. The modern version of the banners was approved by the President in November 2003, and a corresponding decree was signed.
Flags of Russian troops
The Ministry of Defense is a two-sided rectangular canvas. The drawing of both parts is identical. The flag depicts a cross expanding towards the base, each beam of which is divided in half and painted in blue and red. The emblem of the Ministry of Defense of Russia is placed in the central part of the cloth. The state symbol was approved by presidential decree in July 2003.
The flag of the Russian Air Force is a double-sided sky-blue canvas. In the central part of the military symbolism, there is an anti-aircraft gun and a silver-colored propeller crossed among themselves. Also on the flag are 14 yellow rays, which expand from the center of the cloth to its edges. Military symbols were approved in May 2004 by the Order of the Minister of Defense.
The flag of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia - military symbols is a double-sided canvas, painted in the colors of the state tricolor. There is a blue square in the roof of the Ministry symbol. Its height is equal to two stripes of the Russian flag, white and blue. The red stripe runs across the width of the entire canvas. The square contains an octagonal star with four elongated rays. In the center of the star is placed an orange circle and a blue triangle.
St. Andrew's flag of Russia is the official military symbol of the Navy. On a white panel, diagonal lines crossed with each other, resembling a large blue cross, are depicted. The naval ensign of Russia was approved in 1992 by presidential decree.
The border flag of Russia - there are several varieties of the banner. The banners are united by one detail - a green cross expanding towards the base. In the central part there is a golden eagle with two heads.
The flag of the Russian Ground Forces is a red canvas. In the center is the emblem of the land arm of the army - a golden hue of grenada, located against the background of two swords crossed between each other. The symbol was approved by Order of the Minister of Defense in 2004.
The flag of the Space Forces is a double-sided sky-blue canvas. In the center of the cloth there is a small emblem, which is a stylized drawing of a rocket launching against the backdrop of the planet Earth. The ball is divided by horizontal stripes - dark blue, blue, white and red. The military symbols of the space forces were approved by the Order of the Minister of Defense in June 2004.
Coat of arms of the Russian Federation: its history and meaning
Important symbols are the flag and coat of arms of Russia. The eagle is found on the coats of arms of most princes. Today it is the coat of arms of the state. For the first time, such an image appeared at. The emblem of Russia - a double-headed eagle, looking in different directions, indicates that the country is the successor of the Third Rome and Byzantium.
Before becoming a sign of the state, the symbol has undergone changes. Various elements were added to his image. One of the most complex emblems in the world lasted until 1917. Flags with the image of an eagle were used to mark state campaigns or served as the personal standards of the sovereign.
The meaning of the emblem of the Russian Federation is the orientation of the country to the East and West. It is understood that the state is not an element of any of the cardinal points. Russia - combination best qualities west and east.
The horse rider, located in the central part of the coat of arms, who kills the snake, has a rich history. In ancient Russia, this symbol was often used by princes. The horseman is the guise of a prince. Emperor Peter I decided that the coat of arms depicts St. George the Victorious.
The three crowns located at the top of the emblem did not appear immediately. During the use of the symbol, their number changed from one to three and back. Explained the existence of crowns on the emblem. The king said that they symbolize the Siberian, Kazan and Astrakhan kingdoms. It is now believed that crowns are the emblem of an independent country.
In its paws, a double-headed eagle holds a scepter and orb. In 1917, the elements were removed from the emblem. Traditionally, the orb and scepter are a symbol of state power and unity. The golden color of the bird indicates the wealth of the country, its prosperity and grace.
7 former flags of Russia
In ancient times, the banner was called the "banner". Under him gathered the army of the state. Traditionally, the color of the Russian flag is red. Under the banners of this shade, Ivan the Terrible and
During the time of Ivan the Terrible, a red banner with an image was used. Russian troops under this banner conquered Kazan. For a century and a half, the banner with Christ was the official flag of Tsarist Russia.
During the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich, there was no permanent banner. The troops acted under different banners. The flag of this king is symbolic. Its basis is the cross. The emblem symbolizes the mission of the state on the scale of the Universe.
Under Peter the Great, a red flag with a white border would have been approved. In the center of the banner was an eagle flying over sea water. Such a banner existed until the emperor's interest in everything European.
Peter I introduced a new flag. Outwardly, the banner resembles a modern tricolor. The emperor personally depicted the banner, on which there were horizontal stripes of white, red and blue.
In Russia, the Andreevsky flag became the state symbol in 1712. Now the banner is the military symbol of the country's fleet.
With the coming to power of the Romanov dynasty, the banner also changed. The tsar approved the banner of white-black-yellow as the official symbol of the state. The banner began to be used after the victory over the army. The black-white-yellow color was not chosen by chance. The banner is based on Russian tradition. The white tint symbolizes St. George, black - an eagle with two heads, yellow - the golden field of the coat of arms.
White-blue-red banner with an eagle - this option was approved in 1914. The banner was not considered official. The banner symbolized the unity of the people and the ruler.
The history of the Russian Federation is interesting and multifaceted. At all times, the unity of the Russian people with the ruler was of particular importance. This was symbolized by the former flags used in Russia.
The white color in the tricolor symbolizes frankness and nobility, red - love, courage and courage, and blue - loyalty and honesty. The state banner indicates the solidarity of the Russian people with the fraternal peoples. The strength of each person lies in the knowledge of the history of the country - we must not forget about it.
Plan.
I. Modern, official, state flags of Russia.
BUT) state flag Russia
B) the standard of the President of the Russian Federation
B) the banner of victory
II. History of the state flags of Russia
B) standard
III. History of the Russian flag
A) the birth of the Russian flag
B) St. Andrew's flag
C) state flags of the Russian Empire
D) flags of the Soviet era
D) the banner of Victory
IV. The modern state flag of Russia
A) the revival of the tricolor of Peter I
B) laws and decrees on the state flag, the banner of Victory
C) the meaning of the flag as a symbol of the state
Equipment:
computer presentation
Decrees and laws on the state flag of Russia, decree on the banner of Victory
Illustrations
Target:
Contribute to the formation, formation of spiritual, moral and patriotic qualities of the individual.
Tasks:
To instill a sense of patriotism and civic responsibility, a respectful attitude towards the symbols of the statehood of Russia. Provide students with more complete information about the history of the appearance of the national flag of Russia, about the history of standards and banners in Russia. Increase the motivation of educational activities through the use of non-traditional forms of presentation of material, ICT tools, elements of gaming activities. Find, systematize and analyze information. Learn to analyze historical sources and draw conclusions. To teach to convey information to listeners, to defend one's point of view with reason. Develop students' creativity.
Move.
Teacher:
Today we are holding a press conference on the topic "The flag of Russia is a symbol of state power."
Our guest:
Researcher at the Institute of Statistics and Public Opinion.
Candidates of historical sciences, dealing with issues of flag science and sign science.
Doctor of Historical Sciences, specialist in vexillology, deals with the Soviet period in the history of our state.
Political scientist.
Our conference is attended by high school students and university students. During the conference, you can ask participants questions, take part in discussions, and answer questions.
So, we start our conference and give the floor to a statistician
Teacher:
Summing up the results of the questionnaire about symbols.
Each state has its own distinctive signs - State symbols, which include the coat of arms, flag, anthem. To know and understand their meaning is the duty of every citizen. We were destined to be born in Russia, and we must respect its symbols and history, we must be proud of our people. It is difficult to teach, it must be understood and felt. And I would very much like you to understand that the flag, coat of arms, anthem are symbols of the historical continuity of the main values of the state.
The famous Russian thinker V. Belinsky wrote: “The ancient emblem or color of the nation, like the coat of arms of an ancient family, must always and invariably be kept intact. Otherwise, the emblem itself loses its symbolic and historical meaning, does not gain popularity among the people and becomes nothing more than an official, government stamp. I would very much like this not to happen to our flag. And it depends a lot on you.
Questionnaire questions:
Question
Answers:
1. Name the symbols of state power in Russia.
2. Name the colors of the national flag of Russia and the order in which they are placed on the flag.
3. What do the colors of the national flag of Russia symbolize?
4. What is the first line of the national anthem of Russia.
Today Russia celebrates the Day of St. Andrew's flag, bestowed on the fleet by the first Russian Emperor Peter the Great.
In contact with
Classmates
Sergey Antonov
Ask any Russian military sailor about the two most important colors he associates with the fleet, and you will hear the answer: blue and white. And it's completely natural. These are the colors of one of the most famous naval flags in the world - the Russian flag of St. Andrew. in Russia, a holiday is celebrated in his honor: on this day in 1699, Peter the Great approved the famous oblique blue cross on a white background as a symbol of the Russian navy.
The vessels of the Russian Imperial Navy sailed under the Andreevsky flag for more than two centuries: from 1699 to 1924. This cloth overshadowed the most famous naval battles that made the glory of Russian sailors: Gogland and Gangut, Sinop and Chesme, Chios and Tsushima. Under this flag, the battleship Azov and the brig Mercury, the cruiser Varyag and the gunboat Koreets went into battle, not caring about the number of enemy ships, sailing ship"Eagle" and the destroyer "Guarding". A blue oblique cross on a white background overshadowed the shores of Antarctica, brought there by the sloops Vostok and Mirny, traveled around the globe on the frigate "Pallada" and the corvette "Vityaz". And it has always remained a symbol of the selfless service of Russian sailors to the Motherland.
Gangut battle. Artist Rudolf Yakhnin
Gangut fight. Artist Rudolf Yakhnin. museum.navy.ru
The cross that overshadowed the Russian fleet
There is a beautiful legend about how exactly the first Russian emperor Peter Alekseevich came up with a drawing of the St. Andrew's flag. Say, after sitting up late over the sketches of the naval flag for the just emerging Russian fleet, the tsar dozed off right at the table. And waking up in the morning, he suddenly saw an oblique blue cross that fell on a white sheet in front of his face. So whimsically refracted and lay on the paper the sunlight that passed through the colored stained-glass window on the window of the royal office ...
Alas, in reality, all this could hardly have happened just like that. The first sketch, on which the oblique St. Andrew's Cross appeared, was drawn in 1692 simultaneously with another - the classic white-blue-red. Against the background of the same tricolor, the sovereign was first depicted with an oblique blue cross, which could hardly have been the result of a successful play of light and shadow.
Peter I. Painter Paul Delaroche (1838)
Peter I. Painter Paul Delaroche (1838). wikipedia.org
Finally, the Andreevsky flag established itself as the main naval flag of Russia in 1712, when Peter I signed the highest decree on its widespread use: “the flag is white, through which the blue cross of St. Andrew for the sake of the fact that Russia received holy baptism from this apostle.
There is another reason why Peter the Great chose the St. Andrew's Cross as a symbol of the Russian navy. In 1703, the Russians occupied the island of Kotlin, and thus the cherished dream of the first Russian emperor came true - access to the Baltic Sea. It became the fourth sea for Russia, on which the empire established its dominion: together with the Caspian, Azov and White. And thus, the four-pointed St. Andrew's Cross received a completely new meaning for Russia.
Die at the flag post
“All Russian military ships should not lower flags, pennants and topsails in front of anyone, under the penalty of deprivation of the stomach,” says the “Charter of the Sea about everything related to good management when the fleet was at sea,” written by Peter I himself. was strictly observed in the Russian fleet, and there was no dishonor worse for Russian sailors than lowering the flag in the face of the enemy.
So that no one could decide on such madness alone, the stern St. Andrew's flag - namely, it was and is considered the main one on the ships of the Russian fleet - was always guarded by an armed sentry. Suffice it to say that the same strict protection was provided on sailing ships only by the hook-chamber, that is, the ship's storage of gunpowder and cores.
The book of the Russian Navy historian Nikolai Manvelov "Customs and Traditions of the Russian Imperial Fleet" contains several amazing facts how the sailors guarding the flag did not leave their posts until the arrival of a new sentry, even after severe injuries. For example, the author writes, “during the battle near Port Arthur on January 27, 1904, Nikifor Pecheritsa, sentry near the stern flag of the armored cruiser Bayan, received shrapnel wounds in both legs, but did not leave the post. They changed it only after the battle - the officers noticed that the non-commissioned officer was standing in an extremely unnatural position. One of the last left his ship in the Korean port of Chemulpo (modern Icheon) and sentry at the banner of the cruiser "Varyag". The boatswain Pyotr Olenin did not change throughout the battle and did not die by a miracle - the Dutchwoman and trousers were cut with shrapnel, the butt of the rifle was broken and the boot was torn. At the same time, the non-commissioned officer himself received only a slight wound in the leg. The sentry at the flag on the mainmast of the armored cruiser "Russia" in the battle with Japanese ships in the Korea Strait on August 1, 1904 temporarily left the post only at the request of the senior officer of the cruiser. By that time, he had been repeatedly wounded and was bleeding. It is not difficult to guess that he returned to his place immediately after the dressing.
Cruiser "Varyag"
Cruiser "Varyag". Photo: wwportal.com
And it must be admitted that it was not the “fine deprivation of the stomach” that kept the Russian sailors from lowering the flag in front of the enemy, but the firm conviction that this act could not be justified. Not without reason, in the entire history of the Russian fleet, only two cases are known when the ships nevertheless decided to lower the flag - but, surprisingly, none of the officers and sailors were punished for this by death. Probably because living with the stigma of an perjurer and a coward was a much greater punishment than losing one's life.
"So that in the future, cowards for the Russian fleet do not produce"
The first case occurred in May 1829, when the commander of the Raphael frigate, Captain II rank Semyon Stroinikov, in order to save his team from certain death, lowered the St. Andrew's flag in front of the Turkish squadron that outnumbered him. The captured ship became part of the Turkish fleet and after 24 years during the Battle of Sinop was burned by the Russian squadron - as required by the royal decree, which forever crossed out the name "Raphael" from the list of ships of the Russian fleet. And the dishonored crew was captured and after the end of the war returned to their homeland, where they were almost in full force - from the captain to the last hold, with the exception of one midshipman who objected to the commander! - Was demoted to sailors. In addition, Emperor Nicholas I, by his personal decree, forbade the former commander of the frigate to marry, "so that in the future he would not produce cowards for the Russian fleet." True, this measure was late: by that time, Stroynikov already had two sons - Nikolai and Alexander, and the shame of his father did not prevent them from becoming naval officers and rising to the ranks of rear admirals.
Two saints on one flag
On June 5 (17), 1819, by the imperial decree of Alexander I, the St. George St. Andrew's flag was approved, where a red heraldic shield with the canonical image of St. George the Victorious was depicted on top of the St. Andrew's Cross. So on one flag appeared the symbols of two saints at once, especially revered in Russia: St. George and St. Andrew the Apostle.
The second case of the lowering of the St. Andrew's flag was recorded already in the reign of the last autocrat of the All-Russian Nicholas II. On the second day of the Tsushima battle, five ships of the Russian fleet at once decided on dishonor in order to save the lives of 2280 Russian sailors. As the author of the book Customs and Traditions of the Russian Imperial Fleet writes, then “the Japanese fleet under the command of Admiral Heihachiro Togo surrendered two squadron battleships, two coastal defense battleships and a destroyer, on board of which was the seriously wounded commander of the 2nd squadron of the Pacific Fleet, vice- Admiral Zinovy Rozhdestvensky. To the surprise of contemporaries, the admirals of the surrendered warships were treated very gently. The commander of the 3rd combat detachment of the squadron, Rear Admiral Nikolai Nebogatov, was first deprived of his ranks and awards, and then, in 1906, was sentenced to death penalty, immediately replaced by 10 years in a fortress. However, he served only 3 years and was released early. The fleet, however, did not forgive him for lowering the flag - the son of Nebogatov, who studied at the Marine cadet corps, such an obstruction was arranged that he had to leave the corps and give up all hopes of becoming a naval officer. The same replacement of the death penalty with a ten-year imprisonment in the fortress awaited the commanders of the ships that surrendered with Nebogatov.
Return of the legend
The fact that in the entire two-century-plus history of the Russian navy, the St. Andrew's flag was lowered in the face of the enemy only twice, and examples when our sailors raised the signal “I die, but do not give up!” and stood to the end, there was much more, says a lot. First of all, about the pride with which Russian sailors carried their rank and their blue-and-white symbol. And they carried it to the last: after Russia became Soviet, the St. Andrew's flag continued to fly over the Russian ships, which their crews managed to take away from Sevastopol to distant Bizert. Only there, and only after France recognized Soviet Russia in 1924 and refused to recognize the flags of the Russian Empire, did the sailors lower the legendary banners with tears in their eyes.
But Andrew's colors have not gone away! On the first flag of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Fleet, only the St. Andrew's Cross was present - albeit on a red background and adjacent to a red star. But, when a new naval flag was approved in 1935, its main colors were returned: a white flag with a wide blue stripe. Having abandoned all the symbols of the "rotten autocracy", the Bolsheviks still did not dare to encroach on the symbol of the Russian fleet
And the fleet adequately responded to this decision. Under the Soviet naval flag, Russian sailors gained no less fame than under Andreevsky, worthily continuing the work of their predecessors and not disgracing their honor. When the country ceased to be Soviet, one of the first decisions of the All-Army Officers' Meeting on January 17, 1992 was a petition to replace the naval flag of the USSR with the naval flag of Russia - Andreevsky. On the same day, the Russian government adopted a resolution on the return of the status of the Andreevsky flag. The presidential decree approving the new flags of the country, including the naval one, was signed on July 21, 1992.
* Decree by Peter was signed on December 1, 1699 according to the old style. Due to discrepancies in the dates in some sources, December 10 is considered the Day of the St. Andrew's flag.
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State flag of the Russian Federation- This is the official symbol of Russia along with its coat of arms and anthem. The rectangular panel of white, blue and red colors - the Russian tricolor - has its own history. The flag has changed over the centuries, and its history reflects the stages of development and change in Russia.
YOU CAN ORDER A FLAG FROM US1668
Until the 17th century, there was no single state flag in Russia. The first mention of it is associated with the name of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov. In 1668, in accordance with European tradition, he commanded to raise the flag over the first Russian warship, named "Eagle". It is known that for the manufacture of the first flag, scarlet, white and blue matter were purchased, although there is no exact information about how it looked. There are several versions on this score, according to one of them, a double-headed eagle was also depicted on the flag. It is believed that in its type the first naval flag went back to some archery banners of the middle of the 17th century, or even earlier periods.
1693
This year, while sailing on the White Sea, Peter the Great used the “flag of the Tsar of Moscow” on his yacht for the first time. The flag consisted of three horizontal stripes (white, blue and red), in the center of the flag was a golden double-headed eagle. Thus, the fleet got its own single flag, which de facto can be considered the state flag of Russia.
1705
On January 20, Peter I issued a decree on placing a white-blue-red flag on merchant ships. This flag was also used as the field flag of the Russian army, and white-blue-red scarves were part of the officer's uniform from 1700 to 1732.
1712
In the navy, the Andreevsky flag, white with an azure cross, created in honor of the Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called, was approved. The layout of the flag was created personally by Peter I.
1806
On the basis of the Petrovsky tricolor, other flags were subsequently developed. So, in 1806, the flag of the Russian-American campaign appeared: a traditional tricolor with a black double-headed eagle and the inscription "Russian-American Company" in the middle of the white stripe.
1858
Alexander II approved a new design for the flag for solemn occasions (black-yellow-white). The initiator of the changes was Baron Kene, who drew the emperor's attention to the fact that the colors of the flag did not match the colors of the coat of arms, while this circumstance was contrary to the rules of German heraldry.
1865
A decree was issued in which black, orange (gold) and white were called state colors Russian Empire. Its colors symbolized earth, gold and silver. Note that the black-yellow-white flag has never been popular in society - associations with Austria and the House of Habsburg were too strong.
1883
During the celebration of the coronation of Alexander III, the emperor drew attention to the contrast of the festive procession, decorated with black-yellow-white flowers, and the city, which was dominated by white-blue-red colors. On April 28, 1883, the emperor ordered the use of the white-blue-red flag of the merchant marine fleet exclusively on solemn occasions.
1896
On the eve of the coronation of Nicholas II, the Peter's tricolor was officially given the status of the state flag. At the same time, the red color symbolized "sovereignty", azure - the patronage of the Mother of God, and white - freedom and independence.
1918
In April of this year, at the suggestion of Sverdlov, a red flag with a gold inscription of the RSFSR in the upper left corner became the state flag. The idea of the flag seems to have been borrowed from European revolutionaries and socialists.
1954
Until that time, the state flag of the RSFSR was often replaced by a red flag without inscriptions and drawings. On May 2, 1954, the final version of the flag was approved by decree of the Presidium of the RSFSR. Now the flag consisted of a red cloth with a light blue stripe at the pole in the entire width of the flag. On the red cloth, in the upper left corner, were depicted a golden hammer and sickle, as well as a red five-pointed star, bordered by gold, above them.
1991
August 22, 1991 began new story flag of Russia. The national flag was recognized as a rectangular panel with different-sized horizontal stripes of white, blue and red colors and an aspect ratio of 1:2. Since 1994, August 22 has been declared the Day of the State Flag of the Russian Federation.
1993
On December 11 of this year, Russian President Boris Yeltsin issued Decree No. 2126 “On the State Flag of the Russian Federation”, which approved the colors and proportions of the flag in the form in which we have them now.
2008
Since October 15, 2008, the state flag of the Russian Federation can be used by individuals, public associations, enterprises, institutions and organizations for purposes that are not desecration of the flag.