Oral hygiene The purpose of the lesson: Learning the rules of oral hygiene Promotion of a healthy lifestyle Aesthetic education Teacher of Vatutinskaya technology. Individual oral hygiene. Toothbrushes Personal hygiene – careful and regular

24.04.2021

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Nowadays, there are many personalized dental care products. These are basic tools (toothbrushes and toothpastes) and additional ones, for example, dental floss, rinses, etc.

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Toothbrush - best friend human Toothbrush helps to clean teeth from plaque. Brushes come in different degrees of hardness: very hard, hard, medium hard, soft, very soft. Toothbrushes with hard and very hard bristles are used to clean dentures, soft and very soft are recommended for young children and for exacerbation of gum disease. Healthy people it is better to use brushes of medium hardness and soft ones. In good brushes, the bristles are arranged in no more than three rows, and the gaps between them are 1.5 - 2.0 mm. For cleaning hard-to-reach places, brushes with a cone-shaped trimming of bristle tufts are more suitable. The contour of the brush should be concave, it is more convenient and better promotes cleansing.

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How to brush your teeth properly? People with a healthy oral cavity are recommended to brush their teeth twice a day (in the morning after breakfast and at night) using the standard method. In this case, the dentition is divided into 6 segments (molars, small molars, front teeth). The teeth are cleaned first on the upper jaw, then on the lower, from the periphery to the center with the teeth open. Each section is cleaned with 10 brush strokes - a total of at least 300-400 toothbrush strokes. When cleaning chewing surfaces, reciprocating movements are used in the longitudinal and transverse directions. Recent studies have shown that the brushing time should be no more than two minutes, otherwise the microbes removed from the upper teeth and trapped in the oral fluid mixed with the paste begin to rub into the surface of the lower teeth and gums.

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There are other methods of brushing teeth, each of which is selected taking into account the condition of the teeth and periodontium. For example, with inflammation of the gums in adolescence, it is recommended to use gentle methods of brushing your teeth. Exist different kinds gentle brushing of teeth, often they combine brushing with gum massage.

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Toothpaste. Which one to choose? Toothpaste should have a deodorizing and illuminating effect, release fluorine and calcium ions (for areas with a normal fluorine content in water), and be pleasant to the taste. A high-quality toothpaste should have a creamy consistency, foam well when brushing, and not dry out during long-term storage. Modern pastes not only have a deodorizing and cleansing effect, but also have a therapeutic and prophylactic effect, due to the content of special additives. Toothpastes can be divided into 2 groups: hygienic (remove plaque, refresh the oral cavity, do not contain active ingredients) and therapeutic and prophylactic.

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Treatment and prevention pastes Soda toothpastes Anti-caries toothpastes Children's toothpastes Whitening toothpastes Anti-inflammatory toothpastes Toothpastes for sensitive teeth

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Soda Toothpastes Soda toothpastes contain baking soda, which enhances the cleansing properties of the paste. Soda causes the death of microbes, which cause caries, has an antiseptic effect. It also creates an alkaline environment in the oral cavity, which persists for about 20 minutes after brushing your teeth; and hypertonic environment, due to which swelling is removed from the gums.

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Anti-caries toothpastes Anti-caries toothpastes contain a special agent - fluorine ion. Fluorides are often used in combination with calcium compounds, which helps to increase the mineralizing properties of saliva. There are also pastes with calcium, without fluorine. Recent studies have shown that fluoride-releasing pastes lead to the formation of dentine caries with almost intact enamel)

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Children's toothpastes Children's toothpastes differ from adult toothpastes by lower content of active ingredients, taste (fruity or neutral) and low abrasiveness. There are 2 groups of children's toothpastes: for children under 6 years old, they have a reduced concentration of fluoride; and for children from 6 to 13 years old, they have reduced abrasiveness, and the concentration of fluoride is close to that of adult toothpaste.

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Whitening toothpastes Whitening toothpastes should not be used by people suffering from periodontal disease, hypersensitivity. They are divided into two groups. The first ensures the removal of surface dyes and creates a polishing effect. This type of paste can be popular with smokers. The second group contains bleaching chemicals. These pastes are quite expensive and are not widely represented on the market.

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Anti-inflammatory toothpastes Anti-inflammatory toothpastes are aimed at treating and preventing inflammatory diseases periodontal. The main ingredient in these pastes is triclosan. Also, these pastes may contain essential oils and herbal extracts that have antiseptic, antioxidant and hemostatic properties, promote tissue regeneration, stimulate immune defense reactions and improve tissue metabolism.

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Toothpastes for sensitive teeth Toothpastes for sensitive teeth have active ingredients that reduce tooth sensitivity. These are salts: potassium chloride, strontium chloride, potassium nitrate. It is not recommended to use these pastes for a long time, because. they do not clean teeth effectively and may mask the symptoms of dental disease by reducing sensitivity.

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A bit of the history of pasta 18th century Tooth powder, and then toothpaste, closest to modern ones, first appeared at the end of the 18th century in Great Britain. This dentifrice was sold in a ceramic jar in two forms, powder and paste. People of good income had the opportunity to use a special brush to apply it, and those who were poorer did it with their fingers. But although the powders were formulated by doctors, dentists and chemists, they often contained overly abrasive substances that could damage teeth: brick dust, crushed porcelain and clay chips, as well as soap and chalk. The oldest toothbrush in Europe was discovered by German archaeologists who were excavating at the site of a former hospital in the city of Minden. The item is 250 years old. The length of the brush is 10 cm. It is made of animal bone. The brush is similar to the one that was found nearby a few months earlier, so experts suggest that in those places in the middle of the 18th century. there was a workshop for the production of bone brushes equipped with pig bristles. It was at that time that the spread of tools for brushing teeth began in Europe, due to the fact that rich Europeans began to eat sugar.

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Dental floss Although cleaning the gaps between the teeth with silk floss takes some getting used to, it is not difficult to master this procedure. At first, you may not be able to do this operation well enough and for a long time, but over time, when you get used to it, you will learn to do it quickly, and your efforts will be rewarded with the health of your teeth. Start by cleaning the gaps between the mandibular incisors: Pinch the ends of a silk floss about 50 cm long between the thumb and forefinger of each hand and pull it tight. Insert a stretched thread into the gap between the teeth, making sawing movements. Gently move the floss, pulling back and forth in the gap between the teeth. Lift the thread up and pull it out of the gap. After that, clean the tooth gaps of the incisors of the upper jaw in the same way. It may happen that your gums will bleed slightly. If bleeding does not stop within a few days of this cleansing, then seek the advice of your dentist.

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Which floss is best for your teeth? For beginners, it is recommended to use waxed silk floss first as it is easier to insert into the gap; however, its cleaning effect is lower than that of unwaxed. In addition, pieces of wax from the thread can get stuck in the tooth gaps. In connection with the above, clean the tooth gaps often with unwaxed silk floss.

Toothbrushes Individual hygiene - careful and regular removal of dental plaque from the surfaces of the teeth and gums by the patient using various means. Toothbrushes. The toothbrush is the main tool for removing deposits from the surface of the teeth and gums. It is known from history that even years before Christ. the peoples of Asia, Africa, South America chewed the leaves and branches of aromatic plants, and with the split ends of these branches they cleaned the surfaces of their teeth and gums. The inhabitants of China used pig bristles, which can be considered the prototype of the modern brush. In 1857 The toothbrush appeared in the US markets.

The toothbrush consists of: - handle - head In some toothbrushes, for greater mobility of the head, the connection between it and the handle is made flexible. Toothbrushes differ in: Size Properties of the fibers Shape of the head and arrangement of the tufts Rigidity Design of the handle

Size Toothbrushes can be large, medium and small. This is largely related to the size of the head. The current recommendation is to use brushes with a small head that are easy to manipulate in the mouth and clean hard-to-reach tooth surfaces. The size of the head in a children's brush should be equal to mm, in an adult brush - no more than 30 mm.

fiber properties. Synthetic fibers are predominantly used for manufacturing. But on sale there are still brushes made from natural bristles. But this material is inferior to synthetic fibers in quality. Its disadvantages: The presence of a median canal filled with microorganisms Difficulty keeping the brush clean Impossibility of perfectly even processing of the bristles Difficulty in imparting a certain rigidity to it

The ends of the bristles are made rounded in order to prevent the growth of bacteria and viruses. In a bristle made of smooth fiber, only its end section acts during cleaning. Therefore, in order to participate in the cleaning and the side surfaces of the bristles, microtextured fiber is most often used, which meets these requirements. The surfaces of the bristles are micro-relief, which increases their cleansing power by several times.

Head shape Distinguish: Flat profile of the toothbrush head The concave profile of the toothbrush head allows better cleaning of the vestibular surfaces of the teeth. Convex - lingual surfaces. Multilevel - proximal surfaces. Often toothbrushes have an indicator - two rows of fiber bundles, colored in different colors. food coloring which fade with use. The signal to replace the brush is the discoloration of the bristles by half of its height. This usually happens after 2-3 months with daily brushing twice a day.

Methods for brushing teeth There are various methods for removing plaque, however, given the individual characteristics of the oral cavity, it is advisable to recommend to the patient best method, with which a good cleansing effect will be obtained. Detailed instruction and demonstration of the selected method on the model is required from the doctor, and the patient is required to consistently perform movements until he fully masters the chosen technique with daily brushing of the teeth.

Cleaning of temporary teeth from the moment of eruption. From the moment of eruption of the first temporary teeth, they must be cleaned at least once a day with a special toothbrush, which parents put on their fingers. From a year old, a child can brush his teeth 2 times a day with a soft children's toothbrush, from 2-2.5 years old - 2 times a day, using a soft toothbrush and gel-like children's toothpaste. Monitoring the correctness of brushing teeth in all age periods should serve as the absence of visible plaque.

Circular method Fones Provides cleansing of the vestibular surfaces of closed teeth in a circular motion, excluding the marginal part of the gums. Then the mouth is opened and the oral surfaces are cleaned with small rotational movements, the occlusal surfaces of the teeth with horizontal or rotational movements. This method is recommended for both children and adults. The toothbrush is set perpendicular to the surface of the teeth and vertical movements are made only in the direction from the gum to the crown of the tooth. The vestibular surfaces of the teeth are cleaned with closed jaws, the chewing surfaces are cleaned with back and forth movements of the brush. This method is known as the "red to white" method - from the gum to the tooth.

Bass method The head of the toothbrush is placed at an angle of 45 degrees to the axis of the tooth, pressing the ends of the fibers slightly against the enamel and gingival papillae. In this position, vibrating movements of the brush with a small amplitude are carried out. At the same time, the bristles penetrate into the interdental spaces and the gingival sulcus, thereby contributing to a good removal of plaque. Improper positioning of the toothbrush, for example, vertical to the axis of the tooth, leads to damage to the epithelial attachment and gingiva. This method is recommended for adults. Charters method The head of the toothbrush is set at an angle of 45 degrees to the axis of the tooth so that the ends of the fibers, touching the outer surface of the crown, reach the incisal edge. With light pressure, the tips of the bristles are gently pushed into the interdental spaces, and in this position, vibrating movements are carried out. In contact with the marginal gum, the bristles massage it.

Stillmann Method The bristles of the toothbrush are set at a 45 degree angle. The bristles press against the gingival margin, while the brush makes a slight rotational movement. In the frontal area of the oral cavity, the toothbrush is placed vertically, and the brushing technique is repeated. In the area of each tooth, these movements are recommended to be repeated 4-5 times. Modified Stillmann method The toothbrush is set parallel to the axis of the dentition, while the bristles cover the crown of the teeth and mucous membranes. The bristles are pressed against the dentition in the mucous area, and then with small vibrating movements the brush rises to the level of the chewing surface. The dentition is conditionally divided into several segments. Toothbrushing begins with a site in the region of the upper right chewing teeth, sequentially moving from segment to segment. In the same order, teeth are cleaned in the lower jaw. When cleaning the vestibular and oral surfaces of all teeth, movements are made from gum to tooth, while removing plaque from the teeth and gums. Chewing surfaces are cleaned with horizontal movements. Finish cleaning all segments in a circular motion.

Before brushing, rinse your toothbrush and squeeze out no more than a “pea” of toothpaste. The toothbrush should be placed at an angle to the gum line in the area of the lower teeth. Cleansing of the outer and inner surfaces is carried out with vertical movements in the direction from the gum to the tooth. Chewing surfaces are cleaned with reciprocating movements. The inner surface of the front teeth is cleaned with the movements of the toothbrush from top to bottom - on the upper jaw and from bottom to top - on the lower jaw. Finish cleaning with circular massaging movements on the outer surface of the teeth, capturing the gum area. Movements are carried out sequentially from right to left - on the lower jaw, and then from left to right on the upper jaw. To completely remove plaque from each surface of the tooth, you must make at least 10 paired movements with a toothbrush.

Toothpicks are an additional means of oral hygiene and are designed to remove food debris from the interdental spaces and plaque from the side surfaces of the teeth. Toothpicks are made of wood and plastic, their shape can be triangular, flat and round, sometimes toothpicks are flavored with menthol. When using a toothpick, it is placed at an angle of 45 degrees to the tooth, while the end of it is in the gingival sulcus, and the side is pressed against the surface of the tooth. then the tip of the toothpick is advanced along the tooth, following from the base of the groove to the contact point of the teeth. Improper use of a toothpick can cause injury to the interdental papilla and changes in its contour, which leads to the formation of a space, a gap between the teeth.

Dental flosses (flosses) Designed for thorough removal of dental plaque and food debris from hard-to-brush contact surfaces of teeth. They are made from special synthetic fibers. They can be waxed and not waxed, round and flat, sometimes with menthol impregnation. Unwaxed floss is thinner and easier to advance at closely spaced contact points, however, with crowded teeth, a lot of tartar or overhanging edges of fillings, it is better to use waxed floss.

Dental bands Features a wider fiber and are coated with wax to facilitate movement between teeth. They are best recommended to those who are just starting to use threads. Some dental floss is saturated with fluoride. This type of hygienic products allows you to further strengthen the enamel in hard-to-reach areas for brushing your teeth and help prevent caries. In addition, there are superflosses - threads with one-sided thickening. Such a thread has a hard tip and a combination of unwaxed fragments and a wider nylon fiber. It allows you to clean the contact surfaces of the teeth, and also contributes to a more thorough removal of food debris and plaque from the orthopedic in the oral cavity. And orthodontic. designs.

Dental tapes. How to use A thread 35-40 cm long is wound around the first phalanx of the middle fingers of both hands. Then the stretched thread is carefully removed along the contact surface of the tooth, trying not to injure the periodontal papilla. With a few movements of the thread, all soft deposits are removed. Consistently clean the contact surfaces on all sides of each tooth. With inept use, you can injure the gums, so the use of threads is possible only after prior patient education. Children can use floss on their own from the age of 9-10. Before this age, it is recommended for parents to clean the contact surfaces of the teeth in children.

Interdental brushes. Tongue brushes Special toothbrushes are designed to clean interdental spaces, cervical areas of teeth, spaces under bridges and fixed orthodontic structures. Tongue brushes Brushing your teeth should be done by cleaning the back of your tongue. The tongue is a kind of reservoir of bacteria. The papillae on the back of the tongue create a large surface area, which contributes to the accumulation of microorganisms and food debris. The different sizes of these papillae create depressions and elevations, so the tongue is an ideal place for bacteria to grow. Removing bacteria and food debris can slow down the rate of plaque formation and accumulation, which can help reduce bad breath. Various devices have been developed for cleansing the tongue, which are made of metal or plastic. Such a brush is placed on the back of the tongue as close as possible to its root and moved forward, slightly pressing on the tongue. The use of this brush is especially indicated: With a furred tongue The presence of deep fissures in the tongue "hairy" tongue Malicious smokers.

Toothpastes The use of toothpastes significantly contributes to the reduction (on average by 25-30%) of the growth of caries permanent teeth, improving the hygienic condition of the oral cavity (by 24-46%), reducing inflammation in periodontal tissues (by 33-58%). Toothpastes should remove soft plaque and food residues well, be pleasant in taste, have a pronounced deodorizing and refreshing effect and not have side effects: locally irritating and allergenic.

The main components of toothpastes are: Abrasives (40%) - cleaning and polishing action (chemically precipitated chalk, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, dicalcium phosphate monohydrate, aluminum hydroxide, etc.). Gel-forming agents Binders - paste consistency (seaweed, alginate and carrageenant sodium, fruits and juices, ethyl and methyl cellulose ethers, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose). Wetting agents - to obtain a plastic homogeneous mass, which is easily squeezed out of the tube (glycerin, polyethylene glycol) Foaming agents (surfactants - alizarin oil, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium salt of fatty acid tauride). Flavors (mint, peppermint, cinnamon and synthetic substances), sweeteners (sugar substitutes: sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, cyclomate) - provide their organoleptic properties, give a pleasant color, smell and taste. BAS - make it possible to use toothpastes as the main means of preventing dental caries and periodontal disease.

Depending on the composition of the active components, therapeutic and prophylactic toothpastes are conditionally divided into: Pastes with anticaries action Pastes that prevent the deposition or calcification of plaque Anti-inflammatory pastes Pastes used in violation of salivation Pastes that reduce the hypersensitivity of tooth enamel Whitening pastes

O It has been established that an indispensable condition for the prevention of caries is the presence of an active (unbound) fluoride ion (fluoride) in a certain concentration. According to WHO recommendations, the optimal concentration of fluoride in toothpastes should be 0.1%. Effective pastes contain 1-3 mg. Fluoride in 1 g. Paste. o Adult toothpastes contain 0.11 to 0.76% sodium fluoride or 0.38 to 1.14% sodium monofluorophosphate. o In the composition of children's pastes, fluoride compounds are in smaller quantities - up to 0.023%. o The entry of fluoride into tooth enamel increases its resistance to acid demineralization due to the formation of structures more resistant to dissolution. Toothpastes containing in their composition potassium and sodium phosphates, calcium and sodium glycerophosphates, calcium gluconate, zinc oxide, have a pronounced anti-caries effect.

Chewing gums Chewing gums are the means to improve the hygienic state of the oral cavity by increasing the amount of saliva and the rate of salivation. They help to clean the surfaces of the tooth and neutralize organic acids secreted by plaque bacteria. Chewing gum acting on the tissues of the oral cavity contributes to: Increasing the rate of salivation Stimulation of the secretion of saliva with an increased buffer capacity Neutralization of plaque acids Increased saliva washing of hard-to-reach areas of the oral cavity Normalization of the clearance of sucrose and saliva Removal of food debris

The composition of chewing gum includes: Various resins, paraffin, which impart viscosity, ductility and make up the basis (20-30% of the mass) of chewing gum, which makes it easy to soften at the temperature of the oral cavity. Sweeteners (sugar, corn syrup, or sweeteners) that give chewing gum sweet taste. Fragrances (aromatizers) - extracts of garden and peppermint, eucalyptus, fruit essences that provide a pleasant smell. Stabilizers (emulsifiers) - glycerin and vegetable oils, which contribute to the uniform distribution of ingredients in chewing gum and maintain softness and plasticity by removing moisture.

One of the most important properties of gum is the ability to increase salivation three times compared to the state of rest, both by chewing - mechanical stimulation, secretion of large and small salivary glands, and by stimulating salivation due to fillers. In this case, saliva enters hard-to-reach interdental areas. It was established by clinical researches that at funkts. In violation of salivation, the use of chewing gum helps to normalize saliva secretion and reduce dry mouth. Chewing gum helps to get rid of nicotine addiction. Currently, preference is given to chewing gums based on sweeteners (xylitol, sorbitol, lures and aspartame), as they have an anti-cariogenic effect. Sweeteners give chewing gum a sweet taste, but unlike sugar, they decompose very slowly under the action of acids.

In accordance with the results of numerous foreign and domestic studies, we can offer the following recommendations for the use of chewing gum: It is better to use chewing gum that does not contain sugar Use it if possible after each meal To avoid undesirable consequences, chew it for no more than 20 minutes after ingestion food Uncontrolled repeated use of chewing gum during the day is not recommended. Alternative way increasing the content of calcium and phosphorus in the oral fluid is the use of tablets containing calcium and phosphates. Mouthwashes improve the cleaning of the surfaces of the teeth, prevent the formation of plaque, and deodorize the oral cavity. The composition of elixirs usually includes biologically active substances.

The saying of prominent people about health. Health is what people strive to preserve most of all and cherish least of all. J. La Bruyère Health is more precious than gold. W. Shakespeare The only beauty I know is health. Heinrich Heinrich Health is what people strive to preserve most of all and cherish least of all. J. La Bruyère Health is more valuable than gold. W. Shakespeare The only beauty I know is health. Heinrich Heine

Regular proper oral hygiene ensures 85-90% of dental health. Although our teeth and gums are designed by nature to withstand the enormous chewing load, they are very vulnerable to the daily impact of the food we eat. If you do not carry out oral hygiene, a person loses all teeth, even ideal ones by nature, at a very young age. In addition, untreated teeth can cause deadly complications. All of the above is confirmed by the sad example of our distant ancestors, who had no idea about oral hygiene.

During excavations, archaeologists discovered even in young summer people either complete destruction or a total absence of teeth in the jaws (dentia). This proves that it is impossible to exaggerate the importance of oral hygiene.

It is a mistake to think that oral hygiene is correct if you use the best toothpaste and buy an expensive toothbrush. Successful oral hygiene will be only if it is performed regularly and correctly. Again, it is wrong to think that regular oral hygiene is dental care only in the morning and evening, oral hygiene should be performed throughout the day.

It is preferable to brush your teeth after every meal, but in today's environment a toothbrush is not always available. Therefore, you can use rinsing your mouth with water, and preferably with a special mouthwash, if this is not possible, you need to use chewing gum.

Dental floss should always be at hand - this is an important component of oral hygiene. Dental floss cleans the interdental spaces from putrefactive food debris, preventing the development of caries on the interdental surfaces of the teeth. Dental floss is used after every meal. Proper oral hygiene saves a huge amount of your money, makes regular visits to the dentist only preventive and keeps your teeth and gums healthy all your life.

How to brush your teeth? DENTAL CARE RULES Keeping the oral cavity in good hygienic condition is possible only with thorough brushing of the teeth, based on following principles: brushing teeth should be regular with the number of brush strokes necessary to clean all tooth surfaces teaching the rules of brushing teeth is the responsibility of the dentist, without training it is impossible to ensure the necessary level of oral hygiene the level of oral hygiene should be controlled by the dentist

Toothpastes ORAL CARE Toothpaste - specialty dosage form designed for oral hygiene, prevention and treatment of diseases. Regular and proper brushing of teeth is the basis of their beauty and health. The most common hygienic and therapeutic and prophylactic care products include pastes, gels and powders for cleaning teeth. The composition of the means intended for brushing teeth can be different. The compositions should have a good refreshing effect, remove odors, clean teeth and, in some cases, have a polishing effect. The abrasive, erasing effect on the hard tissues of the teeth should be minimal.

Pastes for cleaning teeth are divided into hygienic and prophylactic, depending on their composition. Therapeutic and prophylactic pastes can be anti-inflammatory, anti-caries, whitening, for sensitive teeth, etc. depending on additives.

Chewing gum ORAL HYGIENE What is chewing gum - help or harm? On every TV channel, we are urged to use chewing gum, which refreshes and strengthens teeth. However, many general practitioners say chewing gum is harmful. How is it really?

The main arguments in favor of the regular use of chewing gum are its cleansing effect and the effect on the stimulation of the muscles of the face. Everyone knows that food remains are the most favorable substrate for pathogenic bacteria living in the mouth. We do not always have the opportunity to brush our teeth. And chewing gum, due to the stimulation of salivation, and also due to its adhesive properties, cleans the chewing surface of the teeth from food debris.

Of course, chewing gum only complements oral hygiene. To prevent gum from harming your teeth, it must contain a sweetener instead of glucose, which prevents the growth of bacteria that cause cavities. At the same time, chewing gum freshens breath, but remember - if bad breath is persistent and does not go away during the day, you need to consult a dentist, as bad breath can be a symptom of oral diseases.

What harm can chewing gum do? When chewing on an empty stomach, chewing gum stimulates the production of bile juice, which contributes to the development of gastritis or exacerbation peptic ulcer Therefore, you need to chew after eating, while the teeth will be cleaned and the gastric juice necessary for digesting food will be produced. It is also believed that regular use of chewing gum can lead to diseases of the temporomandibular joints. If chewing gum is not a whole day in a row, there will be no problems with the joints.

Chewing gum should be chewed after meals for minutes until the flavor of the additives is lost. It is better to choose chewing gum with a sweetener. Should not be chewed on an empty stomach. Do not use chewing gum instead of a toothbrush. Remember that chewing gum does not eliminate the need to visit the dentist twice a year.

Smoking and teeth CONSEQUENCES FOR THE TEETH A lot of people talk about the dangers of smoking. The main emphasis is on the carcinogenic effect on the lungs, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Everyone is afraid of these life-threatening diseases, but few people know that smoking has huge consequences for the teeth.

The first consequence of smoking is a purely aesthetic problem - the components of tobacco smoke accumulate in the enamel, causing darkening of the teeth. Existing toothpastes for smokers are not effective enough, professional teeth whitening restores the beauty of a smile. If smoking continues, whitening procedures will have to be repeated again and again, and this will deal a serious blow to the family budget.

In addition to purely cosmetic flaws, smoking leads to serious pathology of the gums and teeth. European studies recent years have shown that smoking greatly increases the risk of gum disease. The components of tobacco smoke impair blood circulation in the gums, cause atrophy of the mucous membrane of the gums. In addition, smoking accelerates the development of tartar.

Thus, the smoker develops first chronic gingivitis, and then chronic periodontitis. In addition, subsequent periodontal treatment or any kind of surgical intervention in the oral cavity will not bring the desired result, since the chemicals contained in tobacco slow down the healing process and make the result of treatment less predictable.

Studies show that smokers lose more teeth than non-smokers. For comparison: only 20% of non-smokers over the age of 65 suffer from complete absence of teeth, while in smokers this figure is 41.3%. In addition, the recovery process in smokers after treatment takes much longer than in non-smokers or who have quit smoking.

Summing up the negative effects of smoking on teeth, we can conclude that smokers are much more likely to have: Cancer of the oral mucosa Bad breath Darkening of teeth Loss of teeth Osteomyelitis of the jaw Change in the taste of food Gum disease Less effective treatment of periodontal diseases Less favorable outcome of prosthetics Wrinkles on the face

Bad breath - causes HOW TO GET RID OF SMELL IN THE MOUTH? The reasons leading to the occurrence bad smell from mouth. First of all, these are: dental caries and its complications; disease of the mucous membranes of the oral cavity; periodontal disease; poor-quality prostheses and orthodontic constructions; lack of individual oral hygiene; as a result, a large number of bacteria accumulate in the oral cavity.

In all of the above conditions, the oral cavity is inhabited by pathogenic bacteria. Bacteria are microorganisms that live in the mouth of every person in huge numbers. The oral cavity is the most densely populated part of the bacteria human body. Bacteria live on the surfaces of the teeth, on the back of the tongue, in carious cavities, in the folds of the mucous membranes, on the mucous membranes of the cheeks. Bacteria feed on those foods that enter the oral cavity and excrete waste. The waste products of some types of bacteria are sulfur compounds, which are the cause of bad breath. With a low level of individual oral hygiene, the number of bacteria for a very a short time increases millions of times. This process is especially pronounced in the presence of carious cavities, gum disease - food remains stagnate there, leading to an avalanche-like reproduction of microbes. The problem can only be resolved by regular and thorough oral care, timely visits to the dentist.

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A presentation on the topic "Oral Hygiene" (Grade 8) can be downloaded absolutely free of charge on our website. Subject of the project: OBZH. Colorful slides and illustrations will help you keep your classmates or audience interested. To view the content, use the player, or if you want to download the report, click on the appropriate text under the player. The presentation contains 26 slide(s).

Presentation slides

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Oral hygiene

MOU "Lyceum No. 22" V.A. Rasskazov

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Toothbrush is man's best friend

The toothbrush helps to clean the teeth from plaque. Brushes come in different degrees of hardness: very hard, hard, medium hard, soft, very soft. Toothbrushes with hard and very hard bristles are used to clean dentures, soft and very soft are recommended for young children and for exacerbation of gum disease. Healthy people are better off using brushes of medium hardness and soft ones. In good brushes, the bristles are arranged in no more than three rows, and the gaps between them are 1.5 - 2.0 mm. For cleaning hard-to-reach places, brushes with a cone-shaped trimming of bristle tufts are more suitable. The contour of the brush should be concave, it is more convenient and better promotes cleansing.

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How to brush your teeth properly?

People with a healthy oral cavity are recommended to brush their teeth twice a day (in the morning after breakfast and at night) standard method. In this case, the dentition is divided into 6 segments (molars, small molars, front teeth). The teeth are cleaned first on the upper jaw, then on the lower, from the periphery to the center with the teeth open. Each section is cleaned with 10 brush strokes - a total of at least 300-400 toothbrush strokes. When cleaning chewing surfaces, reciprocating movements are used in the longitudinal and transverse directions. Recent studies have shown that the brushing time should be no more than two minutes, otherwise the microbes removed from the upper teeth and trapped in the oral fluid mixed with the paste begin to rub into the surface of the lower teeth and gums.

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There are other methods of brushing teeth, each of which is selected taking into account the condition of the teeth and periodontium. For example, with inflammation of the gums in adolescence, it is recommended to use gentle methods of brushing your teeth. There are various types of gentle toothbrushing, often combined with gum massage.

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Toothpaste. Which one to choose?

Toothpaste should have a deodorizing and illuminating effect, release fluorine and calcium ions (for areas with a normal fluorine content in water), and be pleasant to the taste. A high-quality toothpaste should have a creamy consistency, foam well when brushing, and not dry out during long-term storage. Modern pastes not only have a deodorizing and cleansing effect, but also have a therapeutic and prophylactic effect, due to the content of special additives. Toothpastes can be divided into 2 groups: hygienic (remove plaque, refresh the oral cavity, do not contain active ingredients) and therapeutic and prophylactic.

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Therapeutic and prophylactic pastes

Baking soda toothpaste Anti-caries toothpaste Children's toothpaste Whitening toothpaste Anti-inflammatory toothpaste Toothpaste for sensitive teeth

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Soda toothpastes

Soda toothpaste contains baking soda, which enhances the cleansing properties of the paste. Soda causes the death of microbes, which cause caries, has an antiseptic effect. It also creates an alkaline environment in the oral cavity, which persists for about 20 minutes after brushing your teeth; and hypertonic environment, due to which swelling is removed from the gums.

slide 12

Anti-caries toothpastes

Anti-caries toothpastes contain a special agent - fluorine ion. Fluorides are often used in combination with calcium compounds, which helps to increase the mineralizing properties of saliva. There are also pastes with calcium, without fluorine. Recent studies have shown that fluoride-releasing pastes lead to the formation of dentine caries with almost intact enamel)

slide 13

Children's toothpastes

Children's toothpastes differ from adults in a lower content of active ingredients, taste (fruity or neutral) and low abrasiveness. There are 2 groups of children's toothpastes: for children under 6 years old, they have a reduced concentration of fluoride; and for children from 6 to 13 years old, they have reduced abrasiveness, and the concentration of fluoride is close to that of adult toothpaste.

Slide 14

Whitening toothpastes

It is better not to use whitening toothpastes for people suffering from periodontal diseases, hypersensitivity. They are divided into two groups. The first ensures the removal of surface dyes and creates a polishing effect. This type of paste can be popular with smokers. The second group contains bleaching chemicals. These pastes are quite expensive and are not widely represented on the market.

slide 15

Anti-inflammatory toothpastes

Anti-inflammatory toothpastes are aimed at the treatment and prevention of inflammatory periodontal diseases. The main ingredient in these pastes is triclosan. Also, these pastes may contain essential oils and herbal extracts that have antiseptic, antioxidant and hemostatic properties, promote tissue regeneration, stimulate immune defense responses and improve tissue metabolism.

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Toothpastes for sensitive teeth

Toothpastes for sensitive teeth have active ingredients that reduce tooth sensitivity. These are salts: potassium chloride, strontium chloride, potassium nitrate. It is not recommended to use these pastes for a long time, because. they do not clean teeth effectively and may mask the symptoms of dental disease by reducing sensitivity.

Slide 17

A bit of pasta history

18th century Tooth powder, and then toothpaste, most similar to modern ones, first appeared at the end of the 18th century in Great Britain. This dentifrice was sold in a ceramic jar in two forms, powder and paste. People of good income had the opportunity to use a special brush to apply it, and those who were poorer did it with their fingers. But although the powders were formulated by doctors, dentists and chemists, they often contained overly abrasive substances that could damage teeth: brick dust, crushed porcelain and clay chips, as well as soap and chalk. The oldest toothbrush in Europe was discovered by German archaeologists who were excavating at the site of a former hospital in the city of Minden. The item is 250 years old. The length of the brush is 10 cm. It is made of animal bone. The brush is similar to the one that was found nearby a few months earlier, so experts suggest that in those places in the middle of the 18th century. there was a workshop for the production of bone brushes equipped with pig bristles. It was at that time that the spread of tools for brushing teeth began in Europe, due to the fact that rich Europeans began to eat sugar.

Slide 18

dental floss

Although cleaning the gaps between the teeth with a silk thread takes some getting used to, it is not difficult to master this procedure. At first, you may not be able to do this operation well enough and for a long time, but over time, when you get used to it, you will learn to do it quickly, and your efforts will be rewarded with the health of your teeth. Start by cleaning the gaps between the mandibular incisors: Pinch the ends of a silk floss about 50 cm long between the thumb and forefinger of each hand and pull it tight. Insert a stretched thread into the gap between the teeth, making sawing movements. Gently move the floss, pulling back and forth in the gap between the teeth. Lift the thread up and pull it out of the gap. After that, clean the tooth gaps of the incisors of the upper jaw in the same way. It may happen that your gums will bleed slightly. If bleeding does not stop within a few days of this cleansing, then seek the advice of your dentist.

Slide 20

For beginners, it is recommended to use waxed silk floss first as it is easier to insert into the gap; however, its cleaning effect is lower than that of unwaxed. In addition, pieces of wax from the thread can get stuck in the tooth gaps. In connection with the above, clean the tooth gaps often with unwaxed silk floss.

Which floss is best for your teeth?

slide 22

Individual oral hygiene

Individual oral hygiene is the removal of food debris and plaque from the surfaces of the teeth, gums and tongue with the help of special-purpose products. Oral hygiene is the basis of our health, since an infection that is localized in diseased teeth and periodontal tissues (periodontium) can cause exacerbations chronic diseases any organs. Therefore, even in ancient times, people chewed resin, which cleaned their teeth and gave freshness to their breath.

slide 23

With improper care of the teeth, plaque forms on them, which is a source of infection (inflammation of the hard and soft tissues of the tooth, periodontal tissues). Plaque is mainly deposited in the transition area of the tooth crown to the root (tooth neck) and in the interdental spaces, so thorough cleaning is required in these hard-to-reach places. But even with regular careful care, an unfavorable condition of the oral cavity sometimes persists. This suggests that oral care products were chosen incorrectly. In this case, it is better to contact a dentist who will advise what is best for you.

slide 24

As a rule, the most common reason for a visit to the dentist is toothache. It is extremely rare that we visit the dental office for the purpose of prevention, in order to conduct an examination of the teeth for the timely detection of certain defects. And almost no one pays attention to such “little things” as bleeding gums. Meanwhile, this is a sign serious illness- periodontitis.

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Oral hygiene products in the Republic of Belarus

Minsk, 2015

Prepared by a student of the Faculty of Dentistry

385 groups

Nichiporova E.V.

Oral Care Essentials

Toothbrush
Toothpaste
Floss
rinse aid
Tongue brushes
Toothbrushes
Irrigators
toothpicks
Penki
Superfloss
Chewing gums

Basic oral hygiene products

Additional oral hygiene products

Mouthwashes

The whole variety of mouthwashes on the market can be divided into two main types: hygienic (sometimes also called cosmetic) and therapeutic. The first perform, basically, one function - they refresh. Of course, they also help remove food debris, but plaque and serious dental diseases are beyond their power. Also among them are bleaching mouth rinses, but their effectiveness is questioned by many experts. The composition of cosmetic rinses does not vary much, and they themselves differ little from each other.

There is also a second large group of mouth rinses - therapeutic rinses or therapeutic and prophylactic rinses. The latter, depending on their composition, are divided into anticarious, anti-inflammatory and disinfectants.

Effectively supplement, but do not replace!

Today, mouthwash is only in an additional way maintain healthy teeth, gums and fresh breath. This is effective remedy, but it in no way replaces brushing your teeth, but only complements it, because the mechanical removal of plaque is necessary condition health of teeth and gums.

Is mouthwash required? When and why to use it?

Modern mouth rinses are produced in the form of ready-made solutions, liquid concentrates, or in the form of powders that must be diluted with water. As an additional means of hygiene, rinses prolong and enhance the effect of toothpaste, allow you to clean interdental spaces that are hard to reach for a brush, and freshen your breath effectively and for a long time. In addition, mouth rinses are recommended as the only method of hygienic oral care in situations where more effective interventions are dangerous for periodontal tissues (postoperative gum conditions, thrombocytopenia, etc.).

Tongue brush or scraper

The tongue accumulates no less plaque than the teeth. And just like on the teeth, it contains pathogenic bacteria. Cleaning the tongue helps to reduce their overall concentration in the oral cavity. For this, special "scrapers" have been created.

With a disease of the gastrointestinal tract;

Suffering from halitosis (bad breath);

smokers.

Contraindications: pustular sores on the tongue, acute stomatitis.

The toothbrush is the main “tool” for brushing your teeth. But its main drawback is that, with all the skill and desire of a person, it cannot penetrate into the interdental spaces, especially with fairly tight interdental contacts. It was to clean this hard-to-reach area that toothbrushes were invented. They perfectly clean the lateral surfaces of the teeth, which eliminates the appearance of contact caries.

In addition, dental brushes are designed to clean spaces under fixed orthodontic archwires, areas of bridges and spaces between implants.

Toothbrushes

Toothbrushes are selected strictly individually, for almost every interdental space. This is due to the fact that these very interdental spaces can be of different sizes. It happens that one person needs brushes of two or three sizes. Toothbrushes are used without toothpaste.

There are sets of home, as well as travel brushes.

Oral irrigator

Principle of operation: a spray consisting of air and water (or medicinal solution), under pressure, effectively cleans the interdental spaces and spaces around orthopedic structures: especially the intermediate parts of bridges and implant-supported structures.

It is also an additional massaging effect for the gums.

There are both stationary (plug-in) and portable models of these devices with a battery. This means of prevention can be used by the whole family: each member will have their own nozzle. For irrigators, many solutions have been created that differ in both taste characteristics and therapeutic effect.

Cleansing foams for teeth and gums protect against caries, gently clean the enamel, inhibit the growth of bacteria, keep breath fresh and take care of gum health.

Patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.
For the prevention of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity: gingivitis, stomatitis.
For the prevention of caries in children and adults.
For oral care in conditions where the use of a toothbrush is not possible.
For oral care in patients with disabilities.

Intended:

To remove food debris from the interdental spaces.
To remove plaque from the side surfaces of the teeth.

toothpicks

Toothpicks can be wooden or plastic, flat, triangular and round.

Superfloss

Chewing gum

The cleansing effect of chewing gum is comparable to the effect of rinsing the mouth with plain water. With it, you can clean only the chewing surfaces of the teeth, but not the contact ones. Its use stimulates the secretion of saliva, which really reduces the acidity in the mouth. However, this reduction does not have an anti-carious effect if plaque or food residues remain on the surface of the teeth.

The deodorizing effect (“fresh breath”) is the main benefit of chewing gum.

When using chewing gum, the following rules must be observed:

chewing gum after eating;
time of use - 10-15 minutes.

It is also necessary to remember that excessive use of chewing gum (more than 15 minutes, more often 3-4 times a day) can lead to negative consequences:

allergic reactions;
hyperplasia of the salivary glands and, as a result, to the development of xerostomia (malocclusion);
pain and dysfunction of the masticatory muscles;
dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint;
the development of congestion in the peripheral vessels of the gums;
negative effect on the digestive system.