Sensitive bladder in women. Treatment of an overactive bladder with folk remedies. Examination and diagnostics

18.09.2020

An overactive bladder is a disease characterized by frequent urge to urinate, which is often accompanied by incontinence. Since the bladder is entirely composed of muscles, this means that with this ailment, a person is not able to independently suppress the emission of urine. With this disorder, the muscle tissue begins to react even to a slight accumulation of fluid, while the person feels constant fullness. Bladder and repeatedly visits the toilet room. Despite such uncomfortable sensations, a patient with such an ailment at a time displays a very small amount of urine, and sometimes a few drops.

This disorder is most typical for the female half of the population - women over the age of forty are often affected. In the male half, it is much less common and usually affects the elderly, starting from the age of sixty. Very often, the symptoms of the disease appear abruptly and unexpectedly, that a person cannot hold urine on his own. In some cases, this circumstance forces the patient to wear adult diapers, because there is no other way to hide this disorder, except for treatment.

Etiology

The causes of overactive bladder syndrome in men and women can be various diseases, including:

benign neoplasm of the prostate gland (this causes a narrowing of the urination channel);
a wide variety of disorders of the brain structure, for example, traumatic brain injury, hemorrhage, oncology;
spinal cord disorders - tumors, injuries and bruises, complications after surgical intervention;
disorders of the nervous system;
various poisonings of the body with poisonous chemicals, alcohol, drug overdose;
congenital pathologies in the structure of the urinary canal;
hormonal fluctuations in women, especially during the cessation of menstruation. That is why female representatives are more susceptible to this disease.

In addition, prolonged exposure to stressful situations, communication with unpleasant people, harmful working conditions can serve as factors in the manifestation of an overactive bladder. Pregnancy in women can cause this ailment, as well as because the fetus strongly compresses the bladder. Not the last role is played by the age category - cases of such a violation in young people are extremely rare. But in some cases, overactive bladder is observed in children, but the reasons for this are completely different features:

increased activity of the child;
excessive fluid intake;
severe stress;
unexpected and severe fright;
congenital pathologies of the urethra.

It is these factors that become the causes of such an ailment in the younger age category. But we must not forget that for children under three years old, uncontrolled emission of urine is quite characteristic. In the case when the symptoms of an overactive bladder are observed in adolescents, it is necessary to immediately seek help from specialists, because this may be associated with mental disorders that are best treated in the initial stages.

Varieties

An overactive bladder can manifest itself in several forms:

idiopathic - in which it is impossible to determine the factors of occurrence;
neurogenic - the main causes of manifestation are associated with disorders of the central nervous system.

Despite the subtle connection of the bladder with the nervous system, in most cases the reason for the appearance of a urinary incontinence disorder arises precisely because of various infections and diseases.

Symptoms

In addition to the main symptom of an overactive bladder - urinary incontinence, there are several symptoms that are characteristic of this disorder:

repeated urge to urinate. Despite the sensation of a full bladder, not a large number of liquids;
strong urge to empty (often there are such strength that a person does not have time to reach the toilet room);
passing urine at night or during sleep. In the normal state of the muscles of the bladder, a person does not get up at night to cope with the need;
involuntary release of a few drops of fluid;
excretion of urine in several stages, i.e. after the first process has ended, after straining, the second wave of urine excretion occurs.

If a person has the urge to empty more than nine times during the day, and at least three at night, this is the first symptom that he is susceptible to such a disease as an overactive bladder. But this amount may vary depending on the amount of liquid consumed, alcoholic beverages or diuretic drugs. In the normal state, such a process occurs less than ten times a day and, in general, is not observed at night. Both women and men may experience one or more of the above symptoms.

Complications

In case of incorrect or untimely treatment of the disease, the following consequences may occur:

constant anxiety and, as a result, reduced focus on household or work affairs;
long, which can develop into;
the appearance of insomnia, as a result;
loss of the ability to adapt to the conditions of the social environment;
the occurrence of congenital pathologies in a baby if this disease was diagnosed in a pregnant woman.

It is worth noting that in children complications are formed much faster than in adults.

Diagnostics

In the diagnosis of an overactive bladder, the main thing is to exclude other diseases of the urinary tract. In order to do this, a set of diagnostic measures is used, including:

collection complete information in a patient about possible reasons occurrence, time of onset of the first symptoms, whether they are accompanied by pain. Doctors recommend keeping a diary of toilet visits, in which it is necessary to record the frequency of visits and the approximate amount of fluid released;
analysis of medical histories of the next of kin and hereditary factor;
, general and biochemical, conducting tests according to Nechiporenko - will indicate the pathology of the kidneys or organs involved in the emission of urine, and Zimnitsky - in which a study of urine collected per day is carried out;
sowing urine for the detection of bacteria or fungi;
examining the urinary tract with an instrument such as a cystoscope;
radiography with a contrast agent, which will help to identify pathologies in the structure of these internal organs;
urodynamic study of a complex nature.

In addition, additional consultations with a neurologist may be needed, since the disease is often associated with disorders of the nervous system.

Treatment

Treatment of an overactive bladder, similar to diagnosis, consists of several measures. The main task of therapy is to learn to control the urge and, if necessary, to restrain them. The complex of treatment consists of:

taking individual medications, depending on the causes of the disorder;
the use of special medications that affect the functioning of the nervous system;
performing special physical exercises that help strengthen the muscles of the small pelvis;
making the right daily routine. For rest, leave at least eight hours a day, do not drink liquid a few hours before bedtime;
rationalization of everyday life - consists in avoiding stress or unpleasant communication, increasing the time spent on fresh air;
physiotherapeutic methods of treatment, for example, electrical stimulation, treatment with current and electrophoresis, acupuncture.

Surgical intervention is resorted to only in cases where other methods of therapy have been ineffective. In such cases, several types of operations are carried out:

additional supply of the bladder with nerves;
the introduction of a sterile liquid into the bladder, which will increase the size of this organ;
introduction into the walls of the organ, with the help of injections, special preparations, the main task of which is to disrupt the transmission of nerve impulses;
replacement of a small part of the bladder with the intestine;
removal of a certain part of the organ, but the mucous membrane remains in place.

Prevention

In order to prevent the occurrence of this syndrome, it is necessary:

see a urologist at least once a year for men, and at least twice a year by a gynecologist for women;
contact a specialist in a timely manner (at the first symptoms of impaired urine output);
monitor the amount of fluid released;
avoid stressful situations;
pregnant women regularly visit an obstetrician-gynecologist;
take the child to a consultation with a child psychologist;
lead healthy lifestyle life, do not expose children to secondhand smoke.

Is everything correct in the article from a medical point of view?

Answer only if you have proven medical knowledge

Diseases with similar symptoms:

Cystitis is a fairly common disease resulting from inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bladder. Cystitis, the symptoms of which in the vast majority of cases are experienced by women aged 16 to 65, can also be diagnosed in men - in this case, the disease most often develops in people aged 40 and older.

Description:

People with an overactive bladder suffer from frequent, strong and sudden urges to urinate both during the day and at night. Such urges can be felt even with a small amount of fluid accumulated in the bladder. Quite often, people with an overactive bladder do not have time to reach the toilet before they start urinating, resulting in uncontrolled leakage of urine, called incontinence.

An overactive bladder is a fairly common condition in older people. Both men and women can suffer from this problem, but women are especially susceptible to it.

An overactive bladder is a type of emergency. But not everyone with an overactive bladder suffers from uncontrolled urination.

Even in the absence of incontinence, an overactive bladder, which causes the need for frequent and urgent visits to the toilet room, can make it difficult for the usual rhythm of life, and uncontrolled urination, even if it is insignificant in terms of the amount of fluid released, further exacerbates the situation.

An overactive bladder can lead to other problems. Rushing to the toilet can lead to falls and broken bones, especially in women who have reached menopause: in older women, bones become more fragile and therefore more prone to fracture. In both men and women, an overactive bladder can cause sleep problems, depression, and urinary tract infections.

Many people are embarrassed to talk about their problems related to the functioning of the bladder and in vain. Most often, professional medical help improves the situation significantly, so those suffering from an overactive bladder should definitely seek the advice of an appropriate specialist who will teach you how to control it.

Symptoms:

The main symptoms of an overactive bladder are:

      *Urgent need to urinate.
      *Frequent urge to urinate - eight or more times a day.
      *Using the toilet at night - twice or more per night.
      * Urge to urinate following a very recent visit to the toilet.
      *The need to urinate even with a small amount of fluid accumulated in the bladder.
      *Uncontrolled leakage of urine that accompanies the urge to urinate.

People with an overactive bladder may have some or all of the above symptoms.

Causes of occurrence:

The bladder is made overactive by an overactive muscle that pushes urine out of the bladder. Many phenomena can influence this process. These include a bladder infection, stress, or some other medical problem. Some problems related to the functioning of the brain, such as Parkinson's disease, or can also lead to an overactive bladder muscle, but in most cases, doctors find it difficult to answer the question of what exactly causes this problem.

Sometimes overactive bladder can be affected by certain medications. To find out which of the drugs taken by a person can cause such a reaction, you should consult with your doctor. In no case should you take such treatments on your own, so as not to cause an aggravation of the general state of health.

Treatment:

For treatment appoint:

The first step in treating an overactive bladder is home treatments, such as urinating on a fixed schedule. The doctor may advise the patient to urinate every two hours during the daytime, even if he does not feel the need to urinate. This procedure, called bladder training, can help regain lost control of the bladder.

In addition, the doctor may advise the patient to perform special exercises, called Kegel exercises, in order to strengthen the muscles of the pelvic floor, which control the flow of urine. These exercises can eliminate many problems associated with the functioning of the bladder. A physical therapist who specializes in specific pelvic floor muscle training can help the patient learn the technique of doing Kegel exercises.

There are other ways to minimize this problem, carried out at home:

      * Avoid caffeinated beverages such as coffee, tea, soda.
      *If you often get up at night to urinate, do not drink before bed. At the same time, do not deny yourself drinking throughout the day, because to be healthy, you need water.
      *When visiting the toilet, empty your bladder as much as possible of the fluid accumulated in it, then relax for a couple of seconds, try again. Practice this way of urinating constantly.
      *If you do not have time to get to the toilet at night, think about how to do it as quickly as possible or place a portable toilet next to your bed.

If an overactive bladder is accompanied by uncontrolled urination in a patient, the doctor may prescribe special medications that can alleviate this problem, but most often this type of treatment is resorted to only after bladder training and exercise methods have been tried to no avail.

An overactive bladder is a disorder nervous regulation the process of urination. This problem mostly concerns women over the age of 40, in men it is less common and worries them already by the age of 60.

Bladder

According to statistics, this disease is quite widespread. For example, in Russia almost 20% of women suffer from it, and in America it is included in the list of the 10 most common pathologies along with diabetes and cardiovascular pathologies.

The capacity of the bladder in an adult reaches 700 ml. But the urge to urinate begins to form when it is filled with 200 - 250 ml.

The wall of the bladder is represented by several layers of longitudinal and cylindrical muscle fibers.

The structure of the bladder

The muscles are most developed in the lower part of the organ, where the internal ureteral sphincter is located. The muscular wall of the bladder is called the detrusor.

In addition to the muscles, there are also nerve endings in the shell of the organ. The innervation of the bladder, like any other organ, is quite complex; it is carried out by a system of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibers.

Parasympathetic nerve nodes are located directly in the bladder, through them information flows to the sympathetic nerve fibers, and then directly to the brain.

The formation of the urge to urinate occurs in this way. As it fills with urine, the wall of the bladder begins to stretch, and nerve impulses “turn on” that send signals to the brain.

As a result, the person feels the urge to urinate and can normally hold it back for a while.

But the volume of urine continues to increase, the pressure inside the bladder increases, the frequency and intensity of urges increase. With critical filling of the organ, uncontrolled urination occurs.

Physiologically, the process of urination in men and women is as follows. Under the influence of nerve impulses, there is a simultaneous contraction of the detrusor and relaxation of the sphincters of the urethra.

When the bladder is almost completely empty (normally, about 30-40 ml of residual urine can remain there), the reverse process begins: the sphincters contract, and the detrusor relaxes.

Symptoms of neurogenic urinary disorders

Increased urination

A hyperreflex bladder is characterized by excessive detrusor tension. This condition has the following symptoms:

increased urination, if normally it occurs up to 8 - 10 times a day. Their number may fluctuate depending on the amount of fluid drunk, alcohol consumption or diuretic intake. But a persistent increase in the number of urges to urinate more than 8 - 9 times during the day and 3 - at night indicates a violation of the detrusor;
the urge to urinate is formed even with insufficient filling of the bladder, that is, the total daily volume of urine excreted remains the same;
the inability to restrain the desire to urinate, up to partial or complete urinary incontinence;
"Double" urination, that is, after the process of urination is over, you can continue it by straining.

Women and men who experience overactive bladder syndrome may have one, two, or all listed symptoms.

Causes

An overactive bladder is not an independent disease. Hyperreflex syndrome is a condition that occurs as a result of a systemic lesion of the blood supply, muscles or innervation system of the bladder.

The causes of an overactive bladder in women and men can be divided into two large groups: neurogenic and non-neurogenic.

Neurogenic factors of detrusor hyperreflex activity include:

systemic diseases that disrupt the functioning of the nervous system, such as Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, cancerous lesions of the spinal cord or brain, Alzheimer's disease;
trauma, hernia, spinal surgery that affected the integrity of the spinal canal;
age-related disorders of the blood supply to the brain.

Causes of pathology

The second group of causes of hyperactive syndrome is:

age-related muscle atony, in addition, such changes in the work of the detrusor can be observed after complicated pregnancy and childbirth in women;
persistent violation of urodynamics, this is especially true for men with prostatic hyperplasia;
congenital anomalies in the structure of the urinary system;
hormonal disruptions in women during menopause and menopause;
oncological lesions of nearby organs;
stressful situations.

Diagnostics

The above symptoms may also appear with some inflammatory lesions of the bladder, such as cystitis, and "double" urination may indicate the presence of a diverticulum.

In addition, the cause of a hyperactive disruption of the detrusor is very important. Therefore, all further treatment depends on the results of diagnostic procedures.

Laboratory diagnostics

To exclude bacterial inflammation, clinical blood and urine tests are done. The assessment of the anatomical structure of the lower urinary system and the condition of the prostate gland in men is done according to the results of ultrasound, CT or MRI.

The assessment of urodynamics plays a decisive role in the diagnosis of an overactive bladder. For this, the following methods are used.

Genitourinary pathologies

When conducting urofluometry, the volume of urine excreted, the flow rate and the duration of the urinary process are assessed.

More indicative is the method of cystometry, which allows you to determine the values of intravesical pressure and total pressure in the abdominal cavity when filling the bladder. To do this, the organ is filled with a special solution through the catheter.

In this case, the patient should be in a standing position. When the urge to urinate cannot be contained, the necessary measurements are taken. During urination, its volumetric velocity is also measured.

The contractile functions of the sphincters of the urethra are determined using profilometry. Especially this study helps to diagnose the cause of an overactive bladder in men with prostatic hyperplasia.

It is worth noting that such a syndrome is not only a medical, but also a big psychological problem. An overactive bladder can drastically affect a person's lifestyle, especially if it is accompanied by urinary incontinence.

So complete treatment hyperactive syndrome should also include the competent work of a psychologist and the help of relatives.

Complex treatment

The main treatment for overactive bladder in men and women should be directed at combating the underlying cause of the condition. However, in some cases, the treatment of the "main" disease for a number of reasons is impossible.

In any case, doctors prescribe symptomatic treatment. To do this, drugs are used that can "slow down" the formation of urine, thereby physiologically reducing the need for frequent visits to the toilet.

The contraction and relaxation of the detrusor occurs when exposed to specific receptors in the wall of the bladder.

The appointment of drugs that, depending on the indications, block or, conversely, stimulate these nerve endings, help to normalize the work of the muscles of the bladder.

In severe cases, an overactive bladder is treated with surgery. Basically, during the operation, flaps are sewn from high-tech synthetic material that support the musculature of the body.

In addition to drug therapy, physiotherapy is also very effective. Usually used various methods of electrical stimulation and acupuncture.

An overactive bladder is almost always accompanied by stagnation of urine, which is the cause of the development of bacterial inflammation.

Therefore, in order not to have to treat cystitis later, it is better to carry out preventive treatment with uroseptic drugs or antibiotics.

Psychological help

Restraining urges

The main treatment must necessarily be accompanied by behavioral correction. It is recommended that you keep a urinary diary and try to go to the bathroom around the same time to prevent urinary incontinence.

You should also try to empty the bladder a second time immediately after urination.

Especially psychotherapeutic treatment is important in cases where the overactive bladder syndrome manifests itself in stressful situations.

Physiotherapy

Hyperreflex bladder syndrome requires mandatory gymnastics. Doctors usually suggest regular visits to the exercise therapy room. There, under the guidance of an instructor, exercises are performed aimed at strengthening the muscles of the abdominal cavity.

Physiotherapy

You should not refuse this, but very simple exercises that can be done both at home and at work will help overcome an overactive bladder. They take very little time, and they need to be repeated several times a day.

The first is Kegel exercises. In addition to strengthening the muscles of the urinary tract, they also help to restore the muscles of the vagina.

It's easy to do them. You just need to compress and relax the muscles of the perineum. You must try to repeat this maximum number of times.

You can make this exercise a little more difficult. Straining the muscles, you need to keep them in this state as long as possible, then relax for a while.

Power correction

An overactive bladder directly depends on the amount of fluid consumed. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly control the drinking regimen.

No specialist can give an unequivocal answer to the question of what exactly provoked the development of the disease in a particular person, whether it be a woman or a man. After all, even a thorough examination does not allow you to get a complete picture.

However, there are a number of factors, the presence of which most often provokes the development of such a violation:

consumption of large amounts of fluid in the presence of abnormalities in the work of the kidneys;
development of acute infectious processes of the urination system;
the course of an inflammatory, infectious process near the bladder;
diabetes;
the presence of other reasons due to which the outflow of urine is disturbed - constipation, stones in the urinary tract, the presence of a tumor, the consequences of surgical interventions on the pelvic organs;
malfunctions of the nervous system (sclerosis, Parkinson's disease);
cardiovascular diseases, strokes;
hormonal changes during menopause;
senile age, when the brain does not recognize the signals coming from the body;
the presence of benign neoplasms of the prostate gland (in men);
abuse of alcohol, drugs, smoking;
incomplete emptying of the organ during urination, which entails a decrease in free space for new portions of the urinary fluid;
constant or episodic use of medications - diuretics.

Often, an overactive bladder is diagnosed as a congenital pathology of the structure of the urinary canal. And stressful situations and work in harmful conditions only exacerbate the situation and further intensify the process of disease development.

During the period when a woman is carrying a child, an overactive bladder is a consequence of the effect of the fetus on the organ of the excretory system.

Most experts suggest that a decrease in the number of M-cholinergic receptors (denervation) leads to the development of pathology. This causes a decrease in the influence of the nervous system on the smooth muscle cells of the bladder, as a result of which close contacts are formed between them.

As a result, the impact of a nerve impulse on a small section of the muscle wall is accompanied by a rapid spread of excitation to all myocytes, their sharp contraction, which causes an imperative (urgent, uncontrolled) urge to urinate.

Clinical picture of the disease

The disease of overactive bladder can be diagnosed independently, if you know the main symptoms of the manifestation of the disease:

frequent urination during the day (more than 8 times, of which 2 or more occur at night);
involuntary release of urine (incontinence);
sudden and rather strong urge to urinate (often ending in the release of a small amount of urine).

The above signs indicate a serious health problem and the need to take measures to stabilize the genitourinary system.

Indeed, in addition to the fact that this circumstance leads to a limited movement of a person, it also affects the psycho-emotional state and a decrease in self-esteem, which is often accompanied by a depressive state.

Specialists distinguish several forms when the organ of the urination system is hyperactive - idiopathic and neurogenic.

In the first case, it is almost impossible to determine the factor that provoked the exacerbation of the organ of the genitourinary system.

The second form is a consequence of disorders of the nervous system.

At the same time, it is impossible to exclude the possibility that infectious and other diseases act as a provocateur of urinary incontinence and the transformation of an organ of the urination system into a hyperactive mode.

Features of an overactive bladder in children

In young children, neurogenic overactivity of the bladder manifests itself the following signs:

frequent urination (more than 8 times a day) in small portions;
imperative urges;
urinary incontinence (enuresis).

The postural form of overactive bladder in children is manifested by daytime pollakiuria with normal nocturnal accumulation of urine.

Girls may experience small amounts of urine during puberty during exercise (stress urinary incontinence).

Symptoms of neurogenic urinary disorders

A hyperreflex bladder is characterized by excessive detrusor tension. This condition has the following symptoms:

increased urination, if normally it occurs up to 8 - 10 times a day. Their number may fluctuate depending on the amount of fluid drunk, alcohol consumption or diuretic intake. But a persistent increase in the number of urges to urinate more than 8 - 9 times during the day and 3 - at night indicates a violation of the detrusor;
the urge to urinate is formed even with insufficient filling of the bladder, that is, the total daily volume of urine excreted remains the same;
the inability to restrain the desire to urinate, up to partial or complete urinary incontinence;
"Double" urination, that is, after the process of urination is over, you can continue it by straining.

Women and men experiencing overactive bladder syndrome may have one, two, or all of these symptoms.

The main manifestations of the syndrome are:

increased daytime and nighttime urination;
urinary incontinence;
pain in the lower abdomen;
a feeling of fullness of the bladder, which persists even after going to the toilet.

Diagnostics

The above symptoms may also appear with some inflammatory lesions of the bladder, such as cystitis, and "double" urination may indicate the presence of a diverticulum.

In addition, the cause of a hyperactive disruption of the detrusor is very important. Therefore, all further treatment depends on the results of diagnostic procedures.

The assessment of urodynamics plays a decisive role in the diagnosis of an overactive bladder. For this, the following methods are used.

When conducting urofluometry, the volume of urine excreted, the flow rate and the duration of the urinary process are assessed.

The contractile functions of the sphincters of the urethra are determined using profilometry. Especially this study helps to diagnose the cause of an overactive bladder in men with prostatic hyperplasia.

There is not enough data provided by the patient to make a correct diagnosis. Some of these symptoms of an overactive bladder are similar to those of other urinary tract diseases.

Differentiating the disease without a detailed study is quite problematic, since cystitis has similar symptoms, and, for example, “double” urine output often indicates the presence of a diverticulum.

In addition, the main cause of the development of hyperactive syndrome is of great importance.

In addition to the "standard" urinalysis, patients with complaints of frequent urination, with suspicion of increased bladder reflexivity, are prescribed ultrasound, and, if necessary, MRI, CT. The following laboratory methods are used for determination:

urofluometry - gives an objective assessment of the volume, speed and duration of its excretion from the body;
cystometry - determines the level of pressure inside the organ, as well as the abdominal cavity when the latter is filled;
profilometry - allows you to verify the functionality of the urethral sphincters, more often used in men.

Diagnosis of an overactive bladder is based on the identification characteristic features pathology, instrumental and laboratory examination data.

When examining children with an overactive bladder, it is necessary to clarify the characteristics of the course of childbirth, the presence of a hereditary predisposition.

In order to exclude diseases of the genitourinary system of an inflammatory nature, patients are prescribed:

general blood analysis;
general urine analysis;
biochemical analysis of blood and urine;
Zimnitsky's test;
urinalysis according to Nechiporenko.

Instrumental diagnosis of an overactive bladder:

cystoscopy;
ultrasound procedure kidneys and bladder;
radioisotope renography;
ascending pyelography;
excretory urogrophy;
voiding and conventional urethrocystography;
uroflowmetry;
profilometry;
sphincterometry;
cystometry.

Treatment

Therefore, the full treatment of hyperactive syndrome should also include the competent work of a psychologist and the help of relatives.

In any case, doctors prescribe symptomatic treatment. To do this, drugs are used that can "slow down" the formation of urine, thereby physiologically reducing the need for frequent visits to the toilet.

The contraction and relaxation of the detrusor occurs when exposed to specific receptors in the wall of the bladder.

The appointment of drugs that, depending on the indications, block or, conversely, stimulate these nerve endings, help to normalize the work of the muscles of the bladder.

In severe cases, an overactive bladder is treated with surgery. Basically, during the operation, flaps of high-tech synthetic material are sewn in, which support the muscles of the organ.

In addition to drug therapy, physiotherapy is also very effective. Usually used various methods of electrical stimulation and acupuncture.

An overactive bladder is almost always accompanied by stagnation of urine, which is the cause of the development of bacterial inflammation.

Therefore, in order not to have to treat cystitis later, it is better to carry out preventive treatment with uroseptic drugs or antibiotics.

If it is impossible to cure the disease conservatively, resort to the help of a surgeon. Surgery is often indicated on a case-by-case basis and is not a mandatory treatment for overactive bladder.

Among the manipulations that are used in this disease, it is worth noting several surgical procedures.

The first is the denervation of the organ, aimed at stopping the transmission of neural impulses, because it is they that affect the contraction of the walls.

The second variant of surgical treatment is myectomy, which implies a reduction in the area of the receptive surface of the detrusor by its partial removal.

Intestinal plastic is the replacement of the walls of the bladder with intestinal walls that are not capable of contraction.

Physiotherapists are confident in the need for physiotherapy with an overactive bladder. Over the past decades, acupuncture and electrical stimulation procedures have proven themselves to be excellent.

The bladder, which is hyperactive in both men and women, requires complex treatment, including both the use of medicines and folk remedies.

To date, there are a fairly large number of medications, the use of which has a positive effect on the state of the genitourinary system.

Depending on the severity of this pathology in a particular patient, as well as the characteristics of the body, the attending physician selects drug therapy, which involves the use of such groups medicines:

m-anticholinergics, adrenoblockers (Oxybutynin, Tolterodine, Trospium, Solifenacin);
antidepressants (amitriptyline, imipramine);
toxins (botulinum toxin).

For older patients, hormonal preparations are selected, the main purpose of which is to compensate for the estrogen deficiency. At the same time, other concomitant diseases are taken into account.

Any medication has both indications for use and contraindications. This fact must be taken into account in the process of prescribing a particular drug.

Moreover, if after the start of taking no obvious improvements are observed, but there is a general malaise and malfunctions of other organs, then you should immediately contact your doctor to change therapeutic prescriptions to more acceptable ones.

Surgery

After the examination, the attending physician will become more explicit and detailed clinical picture diseases, which will allow him to draw up an appropriate therapeutic regimen.

Since the treatment of an overactive bladder requires a comprehensive, thorough approach, the patient should seriously approach each prescribed event, taking the drug.

In addition, most experts consider this syndrome not only a physiological, but also a psychological disorder.

If we take into account the fact that the work of a hyperactive organ significantly affects the well-being and lifestyle of the patient, then the treatment of the syndrome is the professional assistance of a urologist, psychologist, as well as the assistance of relatives and friends.

The first thing that forces should be thrown at is the elimination of urinary incontinence. To get rid of such an unpleasant symptom, it is important to deal with the root cause of its appearance.

But it is worth considering that it is far from always possible to treat the “main” pathology, especially if it belongs to the category of neurological or oncological.

In this case, the doctor prescribes palliative treatment aimed at improving the quality of life and eliminating the uncomfortable manifestations of hyperactive syndrome.

First of all, medications are prescribed that can reduce the functional formation of urine. Passing the course will reduce the frequency of urges and visits to the toilet.

Drugs such as Driptan, Tolterodine, Trospium chloride act directly on the receptors present in the detrusor of the patient's overactive urinary "reservoir" and help to normalize the functioning of the bladder muscles.

In parallel with these drugs, the patient is shown antibiotics and uroseptics. The syndrome of increased reflexivity in the predominant number of cases is accompanied by congestion in the bladder, which often serves as the basis for the development of a bacterial infection.

Active pathological activity of the bladder is treated different ways. The main requirement is to learn to restrain the strong urge to urinate and try to control them.

The treatment will be carried out for a long period of time, which requires the patient to be patient and unquestioningly follow the doctor's recommendations.

As a therapy, the doctor may prescribe the following measures:

the strictest diet, which provides for the intake of healthy food in optimal quantities (fried, fatty, overly salty, spicy foods are excluded);
the right way of life and the rejection of bad habits;
regulation of the state of the nervous system by taking antidepressant drugs;
drawing up the correct daily routine - alternating the period of work and rest;
weight control, since people with obesity often have a problem with frequent urination;
restriction of fluid intake, often drawing up a special schedule, according to which it will be possible to drink drinks at an agreed time in a specified amount;
performing a set of physical exercises to strengthen the muscles of the pelvic floor. Strengthening the muscles and maintaining it in good shape will allow for many years to get rid of involuntary and frequent contractions of the bladder.

Despite the effectiveness of the above methods, after undergoing therapy, not everyone manages to forget what an overactive bladder is in women, the treatment of which was carried out according to the most loyal scheme.

Each case is considered individually and requires a special approach to healing.

with a certain frequency, perform the procedure for forced descent of urine using a catheter. However, you should be extremely careful, this method of emptying should be carried out only in medical institutions under the guidance of qualified specialists;
wear special urological pads or absorbent underwear. In unforeseen situations, such precautions will protect outerwear from "leaks";
exercise your bladder. This method involves going to the toilet on a schedule. You need to start with 30 minutes and gradually increase the interval. Of course, the patient will need to show patience and willpower, since such trainings must be carried out for a long period.

There are not isolated cases when none of the available methods does not provide the desired result. An overactive bladder in some women requires surgical treatment.

Correction of one's own behavior is one of the main methods of dealing with overactive bladder. People with this disorder develop a special pattern of behavior.

They literally become dependent on the toilet, cannot plan long trips, walks, and always run to the restroom before leaving the house. The elimination of such behavioral features should be performed by the patient independently.

This will help regain lost control over urination and manage how often you go to the toilet.
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Patients with OAB are encouraged to schedule toilet visits. In this case, it is necessary to gradually increase the time intervals between urination. This approach is an excellent training for the bladder and will help a person control one of the main physiological processes in his body.

Prevention measures

Prevention is always more appropriate than treatment of the disease, especially if there are frequent manifestations of pathological abnormalities.

Treatment of an overactive bladder in women can be completely avoided if you follow simple recommendations:

annually undergo a preventive examination by a urologist for men and a gynecologist for women;
at the first manifestations of the disease, immediately seek medical advice;
do not exceed the allowable dose of fluid consumed;
prevent nervous disorders;
during pregnancy, make regular visits to an obstetrician-gynecologist;
if we are talking about the child, you should seek advice from a child psychologist;
give up all bad habits.

You should be extremely attentive to your health and respond to distress signals in a timely manner. If you take treatment for early stages development of the disease, it is possible to avoid the transformation of the pathological deviation into a chronic form.

In addition, this will save not only precious time, but also financial resources, which often has a key impact on the course of treatment.

Diet and drinking regimen

It is worth noting that before treating an overactive bladder with medication, the doctor will determine the drinking regimen, as well as the diet and daily routine.

In particular, the therapy of the disease implies strict adherence to the fluid intake schedule.

The patient should not drink later than 2-3 hours before going to bed. The choice of drinks should be careful, because with hyperactive syndrome it is extremely important to prevent irritation of the walls.

Citrus fruits, coffee, tea, alcohol, energy drinks and carbonated drinks give the opposite effect - they must be flatly abandoned, replaced with cranberry juice, water with a neutral content of trace elements, herbal teas.

As for dietary restrictions, they concern salty and peppery foods, fatty and smoked foods, sweets and pastries. For the period of exacerbation, it is better to completely exclude pork, beef, as well as legumes and nuts from the diet.

According to statistics, 17% of women and 16% of men suffer from bladder disease, but only 4% seek help from a specialist. Many simply do not realize that they have some kind of health problem. So how do you recognize the presence of bladder disease? First of all, it is necessary to clarify what is meant by this term.

What does an overactive bladder (OUB) mean?

The bladder is an organ made entirely of muscle tissue. Its task is to accumulate and excrete urine through urethra. It should be noted that the location, shape and size of the body vary depending on its content. Where is the bladder located? The filled organ has an ovoid shape and is located above the transitional connection between the bones of the skeleton (symphysis), adjacent to the abdominal wall, shifting the peritoneum upward. The empty bladder lies completely in the pelvic cavity.

GPM is a clinical syndrome in which there are frequent, unexpected and difficult to suppress urge to urinate (they can be both at night and during the daytime). The word "hyperactive" means that the muscles of the bladder work (contract) in an enhanced mode with a small amount of urine. This provokes frequent intolerable urges in the patient. Thus, the patient develops a false feeling that he constantly has a full bladder.

Development of the disease

Excessive activity of the bladder is caused by a decrease in the number of M-cholinergic receptors. Their number changes under the influence of various reasons. In response to the lack of nervous regulation, structural formations of close interconnections between neighboring cells are formed in the smooth muscle tissues of the organ. The result of this process is a sharp increase in the conduction of the nerve impulse in the muscular membrane of the bladder. Smooth muscle cells have a high spontaneous activity and begin to respond to a minor stimulus (a small amount of urine). Their reduction quickly spreads to the rest of the cell groups of the body, causing the syndrome of GPM (overactive bladder).

Factors of occurrence of GPM

1. Neurogenic:

Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous systems (for example, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease);

Stroke;

Multiple sclerosis;

Osteochondrosis;

Diabetes;

spinal cord injury;

Schmorl's hernia;

Consequences of surgical treatment of the spine;

Spondylarthrosis of the spine;

intoxication;

Myelomeningocele.

2. Non-neurogenic:

BPH;

Age;

Anatomical disorders of the vesicourethral region;

Sensory disturbances, mainly associated with a lack of estrogen in the post-menopausal period.

Forms of the disease

In medicine, two forms of GLM disease are distinguished:

Idiopathic GPM - the disease is caused by a change in the contractile activity of the bladder, the cause of the violations is unclear;

Neurogenic bladder - violations of the contractile function of the organ are characteristic of diseases of the nervous system.

Characteristic symptoms

An overactive bladder is defined by the following symptoms:

Frequent urge to urinate, while urine is excreted in a small amount;

Inability to hold urine - sudden urge to urinate of such strength that the patient does not have time to endure to the toilet;

Multiple nocturnal urination healthy man should not urinate at night);

Urinary incontinence is the uncontrolled leakage of urine.

GPM in women

2. Non-drug treatment.

Behavioral therapy consists in the formation of a urination regimen, lifestyle correction. During the treatment period, the patient must observe the daily regimen, avoid stressful situations, take daily walks in the fresh air, and monitor nutrition. People suffering from GLM should not eat spicy foods, carbonated and caffeinated drinks (tea, coffee, cola), chocolate, sugar substitutes and alcohol.

In addition, during the period of behavioral therapy, the patient needs to empty the bladder according to a certain schedule (depending on the frequency of urination). This method helps to exercise the muscles of the bladder and regain control over the urge to urinate.

Physiotherapy may consist of electrical stimulation, electrophoresis, etc.

Exercise therapy - a variety of exercises aimed at strengthening pelvic muscles.

Treatment is based on biofeedback. The patient, using special devices (special sensors are installed that are inserted into the body of the bladder and rectum; the sensors are also connected to the monitor, it displays the volume of the bladder and records its contractile activity) observes at what volume of fluid the bladder contracts. At this time, the patient must, by volitional efforts, by means of contraction of the pelvic muscles, suppress the urge and restrain the desire to urinate.

3. Surgical treatment is used only in severe cases (denervation of the bladder, intestinal plastic to divert urine into the intestine, stimulation of the sacral nerve).

Complications of GPM

An overactive bladder impairs the patient's quality of life. The patient develops mental disorders: depression, sleep disturbances, constant anxiety. Social disadaptation also occurs - a person partially or completely loses the ability to adapt to environmental conditions.

Prevention

1. A visit to the urologist for the purpose of preventive examination once a year (delivery necessary analyzes, conducting an ultrasound of the bladder if necessary, etc.).

2. There is no need to postpone a visit to the doctor if symptoms of urination disorders appear.

3. It is important to pay attention to the frequency of urination, the development of urge, the quality of the jet, if there are neurological diseases.

Also, as a preventive measure, you can perform Kegel exercises that will help strengthen the muscles of the bladder.

1. First you need to tighten the muscles, as when holding urination, slowly count to three and relax.

2. Then tighten and relax the muscles - it is important to try to do it as quickly as possible.

3. Women need to push down (as in childbirth or stool, but not as hard); men to push, as in stool or urination.

Frequent urination has a very negative impact on all areas of life. To avoid the development of psychological problems, it is necessary to seek help from a specialist in time.