Is it possible to eat before taking hcg. A blood test for hCG: how to take it correctly and what a study on human chorionic gonadotropin shows. Types of tests for human chorionic gonadotropin
Preparing to donate blood for testing
The day before the proposed analysis, it is recommended to follow a special diet that excludes fatty foods, fried foods, and alcoholic beverages from the diet. On the day of blood donation, you can not eat food, juices, coffee, tea and other liquids. Let's drink a glass of plain water. If on the day of the test there was a need to eat, you should refuse to take blood and reschedule the study to another day. It is necessary to reduce the amount of physical activity, to exclude emotional overexcitation. Immediately before donating blood, it is advisable to sit, relax, relax for 10-15 minutes. It is not recommended to smoke 1 hour before the study. You should inform the gynecologist about the drugs taken at the time of the blood test for hCG. If it is necessary to urgently determine the concentration of gonadotropin in the blood, you should refrain from eating for 4-5 hours, after which it is permissible to conduct a study.Donating blood for hCG
You can donate blood to determine the concentration of hCG on your own for a fee at any medical institution licensed to carry out this type of activity, or in the direction of a gynecologist. Blood is taken in the morning on an empty stomach from a medical vein in the treatment room of a medical institution or antenatal clinic, followed by transfer to an immunological laboratory for testing for human chorionic gonadotropin.False results of the study
You should be aware of the existence of false positive and false negative results of a blood test for hCG. High levels of the hormone in the absence of pregnancy can be detected as a result of the reaction of the test with substances circulating in the woman's blood, similar to gonadotropin. Taking medicines containing chorionic gonadotropin in the treatment of infertility gives a false positive test result. The reduced content of the hormone during pregnancy does not refute its presence. It is recommended to retake the analysis in a few days or weeks.During pregnancy, a woman's body changes, there are changes in the hormonal background and the content of certain substances. So, from the first days of conception, the level of human chorionic gonadotropin, hCG, rises sharply. The analysis of the amount of this hormone allows with high precision determine pregnancy. Also in the body of a woman, the PAPP protein begins to be produced in large quantities, the concentration of which helps to identify abnormalities in the development of the fetus.
Analysis on PAPP
PAPP is a special protein, a high molecular weight glycoprotein, which is found in small amounts in everyone and. During its content in the blood increases and throughout the entire period of bearing a child is constantly growing. This protein is necessary for the proper development of the fetus: it breaks down other proteins, increasing the availability of growth factor and participating in the formation of the immunity of the pregnant woman.
Analysis on PAPP has great importance: the concentration of protein in the blood serum of the expectant mother allows us to draw conclusions about the development of the fetus. Deviations from the norm can reveal chromosomal abnormalities: for example, a small amount of protein can talk about possible Down syndrome, Corneli de Lange or Edwards. The analysis is carried out at an early stage when other studies do not allow accurate conclusions to be drawn. PAPP study with high accuracy many genetic abnormalities. In addition, they are useful for determining the threat of miscarriage and termination of pregnancy. You need to take the analysis before 14 weeks.
The results of the analysis are ambiguous and do not give a 100% guarantee of the presence or absence of anomalies, but they are accurate enough and provide a basis for further research.
HCG analysis
As a rule, tests for PAPP are carried out in combination with a general analysis for hCG or human chorionic gonadotropin, a hormone that is produced in a woman's body from the beginning of pregnancy. Already a week after conception, the amount of this substance increases several times, this is enough for an accurate diagnosis of pregnancy.
Disposable pregnancy tests give a result depending on the amount of hCG in the urine. But laboratory analysis that examines blood is much more accurate.
HCG is necessary for the production of the hormones estrogen and progesterone, which are involved in the development of the fetus and the formation of the necessary conditions for the growth of the child. HCG maintains the existence of the corpus luteum until the fetus can independently regulate the hormonal background.
With the help of an analysis for hCG, you can not only determine pregnancy in the early stages, but also obtain data on possible violations, for example, the threat of termination or ectopic pregnancy. A low level of the hormone can be observed with multiple pregnancy, diabetes mellitus and some pathologies. And a very small amount can indicate fetal growth retardation, placental insufficiency or ectopic pregnancy.
By analyzing the content of chorionic gonadotropin in biological fluids, it is possible to establish the presence of pregnancy, as well as the nature of its course. It makes sense to donate blood for analysis or do a home express test only until a certain period of time.
Changes in the concentration of chorionic gonadotropin in biological fluids
After implantation of the embryo into the wall of the uterus, its active development begins. At the same time, the body is being rebuilt, the hormonal background is changing. One of the signs of pregnancy is an increase in the concentration of chorionic gonadotropin in the urine and blood. Before its onset, hCG in biological fluids is contained in minimal quantities.
After implantation of the embryo into the uterine wall, during each subsequent week, the concentration of hCG in the blood and urine increases exponentially. In order to establish the presence of pregnancy, you can donate blood for the presence of a specific hormone as early as 4-6 days after conception.
A home express test for determining hCG in urine has a much lower sensitivity to gonadotropin. It can be carried out only from the first days of delayed menstruation, but not earlier. Only in this case, you can count on obtaining a reliable result.
A blood test for hCG is the most accurate method for diagnosing pregnancy and the nature of its course. There are certain tables in which all the values \u200b\u200bof the concentration of hCG that are characteristic of a particular period are registered. If the indicators obtained as a result of the analysis differ significantly from the norm, this may indicate the presence of certain violations.
Until what time can I donate blood for hCG
Women at risk are forced to periodically donate blood for hCG. This is necessary in order to track the dynamics of an increase or decrease in the concentration of the hormone in biological fluids. Deviations from the norm can be associated with serious pathologies.
An insufficient increase in the concentration of chorionic gonadotropin in the blood in the early stages of pregnancy may indicate an existing threat of its spontaneous interruption. The cessation of growth or even a decrease in the concentration of hCG in the blood may indicate the death of the fetus.
It makes sense to do an analysis for hCG only until the 7th pregnancy. After this period, the level of the hormone begins to gradually decrease. At the same time, the rate of its decline may vary slightly in individual cases.
For a period of more than 7-9 weeks, there is no need to donate blood for hCG, also because during this period, pregnancy is usually already established, and its development can be tracked by the results of ultrasound, which is more informative.
Blood for hCG is subsequently donated once only at 12-14 weeks of pregnancy. At the same time, ultrasound is additionally prescribed, since the necessary data on the development of the fetus can be obtained only by simultaneously conducting both types of diagnostics and comparing their results.
hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)- a special hormone produced by cells of the placenta during pregnancy and consisting of two subunits, α and β. If the α-subunit of hCG is completely identical in structure to the α-subunits of the hormones FSH, TSH and LH, which are constantly present in female body, then β-hCG is unique in its structure. It is she who allows you to diagnose the onset of pregnancy already 6-8 days after conception. The presence of hCG in the body is detected by enzyme immunoassay in blood or urine. Unlike pharmacy tests, which are recommended to be used no earlier than the first day of delay, a laboratory blood test for pregnancy allows you to find out the result a few days before the expected onset of menstruation. The fact is that the diagnostic concentration of hCG is reached in the blood serum 1-2 days earlier than in the urine. Therefore, conducting a blood test for pregnancy is a more accurate and faster tool for early diagnosis. Having passed the study in the CITO mode, you can get the result within 2 hours after you donate blood for hCG.HCG properties
HCG is responsible for maintaining the functional activity of the corpus luteum in the first trimester, stimulates the production of estrogens and progesterone necessary to maintain pregnancy, as well as Leydig cells responsible for the synthesis of testosterone in the male fetus. Quantitative indicators of this hormone allow not only to conduct a highly accurate analysis for pregnancy, but also to identify the risk of abnormalities in the development of the placenta and fetus (in combination with tests for alpha-fetoprotein and free estriol). Norms of hCG indicators
The synthesis of hCG in the body begins from the first day of implantation of the embryo into the uterine wall and continues throughout the entire period of gestation. With a normal pregnancy between 2-5 weeks, the content of β-hCG in the blood serum doubles every 2-3 days and reaches peak values in the period from 7 to 11 weeks, after which it gradually decreases.
Indicators in the range of 5-25 mU / ml do not allow confirming or disproving pregnancy, therefore, in such cases, it is recommended to retake the beta-hCG test after 2 days. If the dynamics of the quantitative growth of hCG values deviates from the norm, it is necessary to consult a qualified doctor, since an increase or decrease in the level of the "pregnancy hormone" may be due to both individual factors(incorrectly established gestational age, chronic and past diseases), and more serious complications.
When the hCG level is elevated:
- multiple pregnancy;
- toxicosis or preeclampsia of the mother;
- chronic diseases(diabetes);
- taking synthetic gestagens;
- fetal malformations;
- cystic skid;
- hormone-producing tumors in women and men.
When the hCG level is low:
- chronic placental insufficiency;
- risk of miscarriage;
- ectopic pregnancy;
- delayed fetal development;
- frozen pregnancy in the II-III trimester;
- a true miscarriage.
Special preparation for the study is not required. Need to follow general requirements preparation for research.
GENERAL RULES OF PREPARATION FOR RESEARCH:
1. For most studies, it is recommended to donate blood in the morning, between 8 a.m. and 11 a.m., on an empty stomach (at least 8 hours should elapse between the last meal and blood sampling, you can drink water as usual), on the eve of the study, a light dinner with a restriction eating fatty foods. For infection tests and emergency investigations, it is acceptable to donate blood 4-6 hours after the last meal.
2. ATTENTION! Special preparation rules for a number of tests: strictly on an empty stomach, after 12-14 hours of fasting, you should donate blood for gastrin-17, lipid profile (total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, triglycerides, lipoprotein (a), apolipo-proten A1, apolipoprotein B); a glucose tolerance test is performed in the morning on an empty stomach after 12-16 hours of fasting.
3. On the eve of the study (within 24 hours), exclude alcohol, intense physical activity, taking medications (as agreed with the doctor).
4. 1-2 hours before donating blood, refrain from smoking, do not drink juice, tea, coffee, you can drink non-carbonated water. Eliminate physical stress (running, fast climbing stairs), emotional arousal. It is recommended to rest and calm down 15 minutes before donating blood.
5. You should not donate blood for laboratory testing immediately after physiotherapeutic procedures, instrumental examination, X-ray and ultrasound research, massage and other medical procedures.
6. When monitoring laboratory parameters in dynamics, it is recommended to conduct repeated studies under the same conditions - in the same laboratory, donate blood at the same time of day, etc.
7. Blood for research should be donated before the start of taking medications or no earlier than 10-14 days after they are discontinued. To evaluate the control of the effectiveness of treatment with any drugs, it is necessary to conduct a study 7-14 days after the last dose of the drug.
If you are taking medication, be sure to tell your doctor about it.
Indications for the appointment of the study
Women:1. Early diagnosis of pregnancy;
2. Dynamic monitoring of the course of pregnancy;
3. Suspicion of ectopic pregnancy;
4. Suspicion of the threat of termination of pregnancy and non-developing pregnancy;
5. Amenorrhea;
6. Evaluation of the completeness of surgical termination of pregnancy;
7. Diagnosis and control of treatment of trophoblastic diseases;
8. Prenatal screening (included in the triple test along with AFP and free estriol);
Men:
1. Differential diagnosis of testicular tumors.
Study preparation
In the morning on an empty stomach, after 8-10 hours of hunger (you can drink non-carbonated water), it is permissible in the afternoon 5-6 hours after a light meal.
On the eve of the study, it is necessary to exclude increased psycho-emotional and increased physical activity, an hour before the study - smoking.
With this study hand over
- 8.1. Alpha-fetoprotein (liver)
- 26.76. Antiphospholipid antibodies (AT to cardiolipids IgM and IgG, annexin V (A5) IgM and IgG, beta-2-glycoprotein IgA, IgM, IgG, FS-prothrombin complex (PS-PT) IgM and IgG)
Thanks
The site provides background information for informational purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases should be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. Expert advice is required!
To establish the fact of conception, women most often turn to various pregnancy tests for help. These tests give almost instant results, but this result is far from always true. Given this fact, experts recommend analysis for hCG, with which you can accurately establish pregnancy, and at the earliest stages of its development. What does it represent this analysis and how exactly it must be taken, you can find out by reading this article.What it is?
An hCG test is an analysis for the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin in the body. Chorionic gonadotropin is a special hormone of pregnancy, which in some cases can be found in the body of a man or a non-pregnant woman. At the moment of conception, the division of the egg occurs. During this process the embryo and fetal membranes are formed, one of which is called the chorion. It is the chorion shell of the embryo) synthesizes chorionic gonadotropin, which can be detected in a blood test. Outside of pregnancy, the presence of this hormone may indicate the development of a disease. Often it is also detected in women who have recently had an abortion.The role of human chorionic gonadotropin in the first trimester of pregnancy
This hormone is necessary in the very first place to stimulate the synthesis of progesterone ( main hormone of the ovarian corpus luteum) and estrogen ( female sex hormones, which are produced by the ovarian follicles, placenta, part of the adrenal cortex and testes). Subsequently, the synthesis of these same hormones is already carried out by the placenta. If the fetus is male, then chorionic gonadotropin also takes part in the synthesis Leydig cells (interstitial cells located in the stroma of the testis around the convoluted seminiferous tubules), which in turn produce testosterone ( main male sex hormone). Testosterone in this case is really necessary, since it is he who contributes to the formation of male genital organs. In addition, this hormone has a beneficial effect on the adrenal cortex of the embryo.Composition of chorionic gonadotropin
HCG consists of two units - alpha - and beta - HCG. The beta component is unique, but the alpha has a structure that is similar to the structure of the units of some other hormones. Based on this, during the diagnosis, special attention is paid to beta.Indications for analysis
Among women:- Suspicion of ectopic pregnancy;
- Evaluation of the completeness of induced abortion;
- Determination of the fact of conception in the early stages;
- Diagnosis of fetal defects;
- Risk of miscarriage ;
- Suspicion of non-developing pregnancy;
- Suspicion of malignant neoplasms;
- Tracking the progress of pregnancy.
- Diagnosis of testicular tumors.
Norms of chorionic gonadotropin
This table shows the norms of the beta component in different periods of pregnancy.Indicators are measured in honey / ml:
In men and non-pregnant women, values from 0 to 5 are the norm.
Decryption
Looking at the table, it can be noted that a gradual increase in the level of the pregnancy hormone up to 7-11 weeks is the norm. After that, its amount begins to slowly decrease, which again is quite natural. At the same time, specialists often manage to note an excessive increase or decrease in normal indicators.
An increase in beta - indicators during pregnancy can be observed with:
- Maternal diabetes;
- multiple pregnancies;
- Reception by the mother of synthetic gestagens ( hormones that regulate pregnancy);
- Gestose ( complications of a normal pregnancy, characterized by a disorder of a number of organs and systems of the body);
- Toxicosis ( nausea and vomiting in the morning);
- Not right due date pregnancy;
- Various diseases of the fetus;
- Down syndrome ( pathology in which most often the karyotype is represented by 47 chromosomes instead of the normal 46) in the fetus;
- Numerous fetal malformations.
- Tumor formations in the gastrointestinal tract;
- Cancer of the kidneys, lungs, or uterus;
- Carrying out the analysis within 4 - 5 days after the abortion;
- testicular tumors;
- Vesical skid ( a product of conception in which the normal development of the embryo does not occur, and the villi of the placenta grow in the form of blisters filled with fluid) or its relapses;
- The use of preparations of chorionic gonadotropin;
- chorioncarcinoma ( malignant form of trophoblastic disease that occurs after hydatidiform mole, normal abortion and childbirth).
- Incorrect setting of the gestational age;
- Delay in the development of the fetus;
- Non-developing pregnancy;
- Fetal death in the 2nd or 3rd trimester of pregnancy;
- ectopic pregnancy;
- Threat of miscarriage;
- True prolongation of pregnancy;
- Chronic placental insufficiency ( a condition in which there is a decrease in blood flow in the fetal aorta).
When should this analysis be taken?
You can pass the analysis already on the 3rd - 5th day of the delay in menstruation or on the 12th day after the alleged conception. It is not recommended to conduct it at an earlier date, since the results of the analysis in this period are most often inaccurate. To identify fetal diseases in pregnant women, experts recommend taking an analysis from 14 to 18 weeks of pregnancy. How to pass the analysis?
Blood for analysis is taken from a vein. It should be taken in the morning on an empty stomach. At any other time of the day, blood is allowed to be donated no earlier than 4 to 5 hours after a meal. Before taking the test, it is important to inform the doctor about the drugs that you are currently taking, of course, if any exist.Before use, you should consult with a specialist.
Reviews
Hello!
Please tell me, on June 20, 2018, my husband and I did not use protection, the last menstruation was on June 10, 2018, then I went to the sea for a week, on the train on June 29, 2018 I noticed blood on the gasket, it didn’t bleed anymore, for the sake of interest I passed the test for hcg on 07/03/2018, the result was 0.45 mmol, last month I took an analysis 5 days before my period, it showed 0.31 mmol, can I assume that I am pregnant? because I passed the analysis before the delay ash for 7-8 days, I took it in the afternoon and an increase in hCG from the last analysis by 0.14 units. could this be talking about pregnancy? thanks in advance
Hello. Help me answer the question. HCG tests came - beta .. The doctor said the tests were bad, but did not comment .. 95835 mMeD / ml.
MoM - 4.48. Kindly help with an answer. and what to do, how to be
Girls, I have an ectopic for the second time, as I think, my hcg is normal 1700, they can’t find the fetus by ultrasound, the lower abdomen hurts from one god and it can periodically, so I’m going to take hcg again on Monday, but I have no doubt that I have an ectopic. So the operation is coming soon again, girls, the main thing is not to worry and think about the good.
Hello! Tell me please. The doctor prescribed me to take duphaston from 16 to 25 days.m.c. with a cycle of 30-32 days. As far as I understand, this drug should be taken after ovulation, and I have it on the 17-18th day of m.c. (I tracked it by ultrasound). Can taking duphaston affect ovulation or not? And how to find out on the 25th day of m.c. is there a pregnancy, because the blood on hcg still really does not show anything. And it’s scary to quit taking duphaston, because. may cause miscarriage. P.s. Duphaston was prescribed due to luteal phase deficiency.
Good afternoon!
Tell me please! Estimated date of conception 03/20/2015, cycle 28 days, 04/04/2015 menstruation did not start, I took two tests, both weakly positive. 04/08/2015 hCG analysis showed 1026.29 mIU / ml. What does it mean? I am pregnant?
Thanks in advance!!!
Hello, I feel sick in the morning, everything is fine in the afternoon, and by the evening I ate and the bloating hurts at the bottom, weakness, it irritates everything wildly and so for 3 days in a row, is it worth taking an analysis?
Hello, here are the test results:
b - hCG total 20319 mU / ml, tell me, am I pregnant and how long? I really want a baby.......
Hello! Yesterday I did a vaginal ultrasound of the small pelvis (as there was a pulling pain in the lower abdomen and bloody issues). I was told that the uterus was bent and possibly a cyst of the left ovary. I took a test today and it's positive. What does it mean if Uzi does not see anything?
Hello! Can beta-hcg analysis show the sex of the child on early term Or what analysis can show, exactly at an early date? Please answer, I will wait, thank you.
Please help me, I have a delay of 3 days; today I donated blood for hCG showed 14 mU / ml. What does it mean? Thanks in advance!
Hello! Last period started on 10/23/2014. Today I donated blood for hCG, the result is 203. Judging by the norms, this is 2-3 weeks, but according to my calculations, it’s already the fourth. Is that possible?
Hello, please help!! I have 5 pregnancy tests (from different companies) positive, but the strips are sooo weak, today I donated blood for hCG and went to the gynecologist and did an ultrasound, but they didn’t see anything. In the evening, the hCG result came, 14 mU / ml .... is this pregnancy????
Tell me, can it be an ectopic? The last menstruation was on September 25th. days when they did not protect themselves with their husband on October 8.9.10. The delay is already 13 days. it began to smear inside on November 3. Today, pregnancy is not seen on ultrasound, although the test has two strips, one of them is less pronounced. what is an ectopic? or even a short period of 3-4 weeks and could not see the fetus on the ultrasound?
Isn't it like being pregnant?
Hello, I have one question for you, my periods start differently, but they don’t exist in September or October, please tell me what this means and dizziness makes me feel nauseous
Hello! I have such a situation! The cycle is 27 days, menstruation goes 5 days! The last menstruation was on 04.09 already 08.10 menstruation was not 8 days late, yesterday the uterus was empty on ultrasound, the tests are also negative, I don’t even know what to think! On the ultrasound she said that ovulation was 1-1.5 weeks ago late! Does it make sense to donate blood for hCG tomorrow?
Is it possible to determine early stage pregnancy who is the father of the child?
Hello.
I have such a situation - my young man and I have been planning a little one for a long time, so we do it often and every time he ends up in me, menstruation always comes on time! always start 2-3, well, that is, at the beginning. but this time they didn’t come, they’ve been gone for a month, today is 31, I took a test somewhere in the middle of the month, I first got two bright ones, then one bright, and the other turned pale, became barely noticeable, I decided that I was B, then every week I did tests and today, but for some reason all are negative. With what it can be connected? and not monthly and nothing. maybe early yet? write please. did not go to the doctor. I live far from the city
Good evening. Tell me please. Last m.05.29.2014 cycle 28 for 6 days. On the 9th day of the delay (07/03/14) I went for an ultrasound, the doctor did not see the fetal egg, donated blood for hCG, the answer for 03.07 hCG is 224 mU / ml, came for a second ultrasound on 07.07, the doctor again did not see anything, but hCG for this the day was already 1045 mU / ml, they suspected WB, the second ultrasound was on 10.07 the fetal egg was found in the uterus, the size is 5 mm, hcg on 09.07 2270 mU / ml, they set a very short period, they assume that there was late ovulation, I don’t know what to think, how long corresponds to the size of the fetal egg and the level of hcg? Before that, there was ZB 12/17/13, I'm very worried. Thanks in advance.
Good evening, I had my period on September 28, 2013. With a cycle of 28-30 days, I went to the bridle, there is nothing and 2 tests showed one normal and the other a lighter strip. How to understand it?
A specific pregnancy hormone synthesized in the syncytiotrophoblast of the placenta. An analysis of the level of total beta-hCG is one of the most important indicators for confirming the presence of pregnancy and excluding pathologies in the existing one.
Chorionic gonadotropin or hCG begins to be produced by the chorion tissue as early as 6-8 days after the fertilization of the egg. With a favorable development of pregnancy, in the first days after conception, the concentration of total beta-hCG in the blood doubles every 1.5 - 2 days. The highest concentration of the hormone in the blood is fixed at 8-10 weeks. Monitoring the level of human chorionic gonadotropin allows you to dynamically monitor the successful course of pregnancy, as well as confirm or exclude dangerous pathologies of fetal development, such as ectopic pregnancy and miscarriage.
Most instant pregnancy tests sold in pharmacies are based precisely on the determination of beta-hCG in the urine. However, an absolute indicator for confirming the presence of an embryo is a blood test made in a reliable laboratory.
Modern laboratory and disposable instruments
Working hours of the treatment room from 7 to 17.00
Possibility to choose a clinic near your home/work
Comfortable atmosphere and friendly staff
Any tests for the whole family
Readiness of most analyzes within 1 working day
Blood sampling is preferably carried out in the morning or in the afternoon, on an empty stomach 3-4 hours after eating. Drinking water is not prohibited.
Before the study, it is desirable to exclude stress and physical activity in the form of sports training. Drinking alcohol on the eve of the analysis is prohibited.
Pregnancy diagnostics
Dynamic monitoring of pregnancy
Prenatal diagnosis of fetal malformations
Suspicion of threatened miscarriage and non-developing pregnancy
Suspicion of ectopic pregnancy
Monitoring the completeness of operative termination of pregnancy
Prenatal diagnosis (triple test with AFP and free estriol analysis)
Amenorrhea
Diagnostics of trophoblastic diseases
Description of the b-hCG assay
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone that begins to be produced by the placenta as a result of the introduction of a fertilized egg into the uterine cavity. Therefore, normally, the presence of chorionic tissue in the body indicates the onset of pregnancy. But sometimes an increase in the concentration of hCG does not indicate the development of the fetus, but the formation of a tumor neoplasm. The most important function of hCG is to maintain pregnancy. By the level of the hormone, one can judge the nature of the course of pregnancy, the presence of several fetuses. In the first trimester, human chorionic gonadotropin stimulates the production of estrogen and progesterone.
Alpha and beta hCG
Human chorionic gonadotropin is formed by two subunits - beta and alpha. Alpha hCG has a structure similar to follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), luteinizing hormone (LH). The beta subunit (b-hCG) is unique, therefore it is by its presence in the urine and blood that the onset of pregnancy is determined.
Total and free b-hCG
A blood test to determine total b-hCG is aimed at early diagnosis of pregnancy. It also allows you to monitor the development of the fetus - if there are no deviations, the hormone level first gradually increases, and in the second half of pregnancy it begins to decrease. Thus, if a woman wants to know if she will become a mother in 9 months, she needs to take a blood test for total b-hCG. Free b-hCG (free b hCG subunit) is included in the concept of prenatal screening - a study aimed at identifying the risk of developing malformations in the fetus. Its level is very low, so it is not used to diagnose pregnancy.
Indications for analysis for the concentration of b-hCG
A blood test for total b-hCG is performed for:
- diagnosing pregnancy in the early stages,
- exclusion of ectopic pregnancy,
- evaluation of the effectiveness of the induced abortion,
- detection of tumors,
- estimates normal course pregnancy,
- exclusion of non-developing pregnancy,
- diagnosis of fetal malformations in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy.
For men, a blood test for b-hCG is prescribed if tumor diseases of the testicles and prostate are suspected.
Indications for a blood test for free b-hCG are:
- pregnancy over the age of 35,
- diagnosis of various fetal pathologies in the first trimester of pregnancy (Patau syndrome, Down syndrome, Edwards syndrome),
- radiation exposure of a pregnant woman or father of a child,
- the presence of congenital malformations in relatives of the pregnant woman.
Preparation for the analysis of b-hCG
To determine hormone levels b-hCG blood taken from a vein after 8-12 hours of fasting (on an empty stomach). If the patient is taking any medications, she must inform the doctor in advance. In order to determine pregnancy, blood should be donated no earlier than on the third day of delay.
For maximum reliability and tracking the dynamics of the level of chorionic gonadotropin, it is desirable to repeat the blood sampling after 2-3 days.
The rate of concentration in the blood of the hormone b-hCG
The norm of the hCG hormone in the blood of non-pregnant women and men is from 0 to 5 mU / ml. In pregnant women, the free b subunit of hCG must comply with the following standards:
| Pregnancy (week) | HCG level (mU / ml) |
| 1-2 | 50-300 |
| 2-3 | 300-1 500 |
| 3-4 | 1 500-5 000 |
| 4-5 | 10 000-30 000 |
| 5-6 | 20 000-100 000 |
| 6-7 | 50 000-200 000 |
| 7-8 | 20 000-200 000 |
| 8-9 | 20 000-100 000 |
| 9-10 | 20 000-95 000 |
| 11-12 | 20 000-90 000 |
| 13-14 | 15 000-60 000 |
| 15-25 | 10 000-30 000 |
| 26-38 | 10 000-60 000 |
What does an increased level of b-hCG in pregnant women indicate?
A significant increase in the level of the hormone b-hCG may indicate that:
- multiple pregnancy,
- gestational age is set incorrectly,
- a pregnant woman has diabetes,
- early toxicosis is pronounced.
Also, a high level of b-hCG is a sign of Down syndrome (but other markers must be taken into account to make a final diagnosis). On the late term pregnancy, an overestimated indicator indicates overmaturity.
High levels of b-hCG in men and non-pregnant women
Sometimes an increased concentration of the hormone b-hCG is found in men and non-pregnant women. This result is a consequence of:
- taking medications containing human chorionic gonadotropin,
- the presence of neoplasms in the kidneys, uterus, gastrointestinal tract, testicles and other organs,
- chorioncarcinoma,
- cystic drift.
Also, a high level of the hormone usually persists for one week after an induced abortion.
Upon conception, a woman's body undergoes significant hormonal changes. The active production of hCG begins - this is a special hormone responsible for hormonal changes during the period of fetal development. Therefore, to confirm pregnancy, a woman first of all takes an analysis for hCG. It should be noted that even men undergo a blood test for hCG. Therefore, it is necessary to consider all the nuances and features of conducting a blood test for hCG (where you can take it, who needs to take the test, the stages of preparation, which means deciphering the study).
The components of the fertilized egg begin to produce a special hormone. After attaching to the wall of the uterus, this hormone is responsible for stimulating the development of the placenta. However, hCG is not only a hormone of pregnancy, in addition, it can warn about the development of a cancerous disease (in this case, the production of the hormone also occurs in men). Diagnosis of oncology includes a mandatory blood test for hCG.
Reference! Scientists have not fully investigated the question of whether hCG can be a consequence of the development of a cancerous disease. That is why many foreign countries have restricted free access to homeopathic medicines and some dietary products that are sold in pharmacies (contain hCG).
If we consider hCG through the prism of pregnancy, then confirmation of conception, thanks to a blood test, can be obtained as early as 3-4 days after intercourse. Seven days after birth, the analysis confirms the absence of hCG, both in the blood and in the urine.
Functions of hCG during pregnancy:
- at an early stage of fetal development, it is responsible for the preservation of the corpus luteum, as well as for the active production of progesterone;
- accelerates the production of estrogen;
- contributes to the development of the fetus, stimulating the performance of the adrenal glands;
- prepares immune system to the adoption of the fetus (prevents rejection of the fetus);
- if the embryo is male, then hCG stimulates the production of testosterone in it by stimulating Leydig cells.
Throughout the entire period of pregnancy, a woman needs to systematically take a blood test for hCG. Thus, the doctor can track pathological changes by comparing hormone levels. An increase in the concentration of hCG can confirm the abnormal development of the fetus, cancer, or the development of diabetes in a pregnant woman. In addition, when comparing indicators in the early stages, it is possible to determine a pathological ectopic pregnancy.
If the hCG level is elevated in men?
For men, an increase in indicators means a tumor disease (seminoma, teratoma). Obligatory observation by a specialist and a detailed examination of the genitourinary system are necessary. It is worth considering that lowering hCG can also lead to undesirable consequences.
Reference! The determination of pregnancy through the use of a pregnancy test (detection of strips) is based on the level of hCG, only in this case the test material will be urine. Pregnancy can be determined with a test only after one week.
Types of analyzes
Laboratory practice confirms only two main types of analysis - general and free b-hCG. Each of them is used for different purposes.
| Total hCG | Free b-hCG |
|---|---|
| This analysis involves the study of venous blood to confirm pregnancy in the early days. If there are no pathological processes in the body, then the hormone indicator will double every two days. The maximum hCG level is observed at the eleventh week. Then the concentration of the hormone will gradually decline. The second trimester of gestation also requires analysis, but it is carried out in the form of screening | Diagnosis of testicular and neoblast formations includes a test for free b-hCG. In addition, in the first trimester, this analysis is carried out during screening, thus excluding pathological Edwards and Down syndromes. If the results of the study were positive, then the pregnant woman is at risk. The specific indications for the purpose of this analysis are: Radiation exposure of a pregnant woman; |
When is the analysis given?
As already mentioned, the analysis of hCG is indicated not only for pregnant women throughout the entire period, but also for men in the diagnosis of testicular tumors. Indicators indicating the absence of neoplasms and other pathologies should not exceed 5 mU / ml.
Reasons for the need for analysis in women:
- Conception confirmation.
- Dysfunction of the ovaries, which manifests itself in the form of a delay in menstruation.
- Delay due to stressful situations, infections.
- detection of trophoblastic tumors.
Attention! An analysis of hCG during pregnancy is necessary to track the dynamics of the development of the child, as well as to identify an ectopic pregnancy.
Preparation for the delivery of the analysis
For the study, only venous blood is needed, which is given in the early morning on an empty stomach. The last meal should be no earlier than eight hours before the sampling of biological material. If a person takes medications containing this hormone, be sure to warn the doctor about this (a group of drugs used in the treatment of infertility).
Reference! Other drugs are not able to affect the level of hCG.
To determine exact date pregnancy, the study is carried out on the fifth day of delay, after three days, the analysis can be repeated. In the second trimester, this analysis is mandatory, because it reveals pathologies.
After a medical curettage or abortion, an hCG analysis is mandatory. In the case of incomplete removal of the fetal egg, the level of hCG will remain elevated. To exclude a false result, the analysis is repeated three days after surgery.
Video - When to take an analysis for hCG?
Getting Results
The analysis is performed on the basis of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of blood serum. The timing of obtaining the finished result depends on the medical center where the analysis was performed. However, each laboratory provides an express test service (results are ready in 1-2 hours).
Some branch medical institutions can send biological material to another region, so it will be possible to get the result no earlier than in two days.
Decryption
Note! Indicators of the limits of the norm in various medical centers can vary significantly, the specialist of the institution where the direct analysis was carried out should deal with the decoding.
Increased rates
When the level of the hormone is significantly increased and exceeds the norm, then this is evidence of pathology. Often, oncological ailments of the kidneys, organs of the reproductive system, and intestines can be diagnosed. A significant increase in hCG in a pregnant woman (exceeding the norm) indicates the following points:
- multiple pregnancy;
- abnormal course of the process;
- after taking medications that replenish the production of progesterone;
- prolonged pregnancy.
Low performance
When the level of hCG drops by 50% of the normal value, then you need to urgently contact the leading doctor. Low readings warn of the following:
- ectopic attachment of a fertilized egg;
- the threat of failure;
- pathology of placental insufficiency;
- intrauterine death.
Where is blood taken for analysis?
This analysis is carried out in most state medical institutions (free of charge), or in a private laboratory (within 500 rubles, the price of analysis). In independent laboratories, you can use the "express analysis" service, then the results of the study will be ready in a couple of hours.