Last name is Winnie the Pooh. Who wrote Winnie the Pooh. How did Winnie the Pooh

05.03.2021

When Christopher Robin was 4 years old, he and his father first came to the zoo, where the boy met a bear. After this event, the teddy bear given to Christopher for his first birthday was also named Winnie. In the future, the bear was Christopher's constant companion: "every child has a favorite toy, and especially a child who grows up as the only one in the family needs it."

Winnie the Pooh books were created by Milne from word of mouth and games with Christopher Robin; oral origin is characteristic of many other famous literary tales. “I didn’t invent anything, I just had to write it down,” Milne later said.

Name

Character

Winnie the Pooh, aka D.P. (Piglet's Friend), P.K. (Rabbit's Friend), O.P. (Pole Discoverer), U.I.-I. (Comforter Eeyore) and N. H. (Finder of the Tail) - a naive, good-natured and modest Bear with Very Little Brains (eng. Bear of Very Little Brain); in Zakhoder's translation, Winnie repeatedly says that there are sawdust in his head, although in the original (the word eng. pulp) this is mentioned only once. Pooh's favorite things are writing poetry and honey. Pooh is "frightened by long words", he is forgetful, but often come to his head brilliant ideas. The character of Pooh, who suffers from a "lack of reason", but at the same time a "great naive sage", is attributed by a number of researchers to the archetypes of world literature. So, Boris Zakhoder compares him with the images of Don Quixote and Schweik. Liliana Lungina believes that Pooh resembles the Dickensian Mr. Pickwick. His traits are a love of food, an interest in the weather, an umbrella, "an unselfish wanderlust". She sees in him "a child who knows nothing, but wants to know everything." In English-language literature, the Scarecrow The Wise from the story The Wizard of Oz by Lyman Baum is also close to him.

In Pooh, several images are combined at once - a teddy bear, a live bear cub and a formidable Bear, which he wants to appear. The character of Pooh is independent and at the same time depends on the character of Christopher Robin. The fluff is what the little owner wants to see it.

The image of Pooh is central in all twenty stories. In a number of initial stories (the story of the burrow, the search for Buka, the capture of the Heffalump), Pooh gets into one or another "Dead End" and often gets out of it only with the help of Christopher Robin. In the future, the comic features in the image of Pooh recede into the background before the "heroic". Very often, a plot twist in a story is one or another unexpected decision by Pooh. The climax of Pooh the Hero comes in chapter 9 of the first book, when Pooh, suggesting that Christopher Robin's umbrella be used as vehicle(“We will sail on your umbrella”), saves Piglet from inevitable death; the whole tenth chapter is devoted to the great feast in honor of Pooh. In the second book, Pooh's feat compositionally corresponds to Piglet's Great Feat, which saves the heroes locked in a fallen tree where the Owl lived.

In addition, Pooh is the creator, the main poet of the Wonderful Forest. He constantly composes poems from the noise that sounds in his head. About his inspiration, he says: “After all, Poetry, Chants are not things that you find when you want, these are things that find you.” Thanks to the image of Pooh, another character enters the fairy tale - Poetry, and the text takes on a new dimension.

Cycle "Winnie the Pooh"

In total, Alan Milne wrote two prose books with the participation of a bear: "Winnie the Pooh" (1926) ("Winnie-the-Pooh") and "The House at Pooh Corner" (1928) ("The House at Pooh Corner"). Both books were dedicated to "Her". The collections of poems "When We Were Very Young" (1924) ("When We Were Very Young") and "Now We Are Six" (1927) ("Now We Are Six") also contain several poems about a bear cub, although the first of he is not yet called by name. In the preface to the first prose book, Milne calls the collection "another Christopher Robin book".

Among Christopher Robin's toys there was also Piglet, which was given to the boy by neighbors, Eeyore donkey, presented by parents, Kanga with Tiny Ru in a bag, and Tigger, also presented to his son by parents, especially for the development of plots of bedtime stories. In the stories, these characters appear in that order. Owl and Rabbit Milne invented himself; in the first illustrations by Ernest Shepard, they do not look like toys, but like real animals. Rabbit says to Owl: “Only you and I have brains. The rest have sawdust.” During the game, all these characters received individual habits, habits and manner of speaking. The world of animals created by Milne was influenced by Kenneth Graham's story "The Wind in the Willows", which he admired and which Shepard had previously illustrated, and a hidden polemic with Kipling's "Jungle Book" is also possible.

The prose books make up a dilogy, but each of these Milne books contains 10 stories with their own plots that exist almost independently of each other:

First book - Winnie the Pooh:
1. We Are Introduced to Winnie-the-Pooh and Some Bees and the Stories Begin(...in which we meet Winnie the Pooh and some bees).
2. Pooh Goes Visiting and Gets Into a Tight Place(... in which Winnie the Pooh went to visit, but ended up in a stalemate).
3. Pooh and Piglet Go Hunting and Nearly Catch a Woozle(... in which Pooh and Piglet went hunting and almost caught Buka).
4. Eeyore Loses A Tail and Pooh Finds One(... in which Eeyore loses his tail, and Pooh finds it).
5. Piglet Meets a Heffalump(... in which Piglet meets the Heffalump).
6. Eeyore Has A Birthday And Gets Two Presents(... in which Eeyore had a birthday, and Piglet almost flew to the moon).
7. Kanga And Baby Roo Come To The Forest And Piglet Has A Bath(... in which Kanga and Baby Roo appear in the forest, and Piglet takes a bath).
8. Christopher Robin Leads An Expotition To The North Field(... in which Christopher Robin organizes an "expedition" to the North Pole).
9. Piglet Is Entirely Surrounded By Water(... in which Piglet is completely surrounded by water).
10. Christopher Robin Gives Pooh A Party and We Say Goodbye(... in which Christopher Robin arranges a solemn Pyrgoroy, and we say Goodbye to All-All-All).

Second book - The House at Pooh Corner:
1. A House Is Built At Pooh Corner For Eeyore(... in which a house is being built for Eeyore at the Pooh Edge).
2. Tigger Comes to the Forest and Has Breakfast(... in which Tigger comes to the forest and has breakfast).
3. A Search is Organized, and Piglet Nearly Meets the Heffalump Again(... in which searches are organized, and Piglet again almost got caught by the Heffalump).
4. It Is Shown That Tiggers Don't Climb Trees(...which reveals that Tigers don't climb trees).
5. Rabbit Has a Busy Day, and We Learn What Christopher Robin Does in the Mornings(...in which the Rabbit is very busy, and we meet for the first time with Spotted Swirnus).
6. Pooh Invents a New Game and Eeyore Joins In(... in which Pooh invents a new game, and Eeyore is included in it).
7. Tiger Is Unbounced(... in which the Tigger is tamed).
8. Piglet Does a Very Grand Thing(... in which Piglet performs a great feat).
9. Eeyore Finds the Wolery and Owl Moves Into It(... in which Eeyore finds a co-worker, and Owl moves in).
10. Christopher Robin and Pooh Come to an Enchanted Place, and We Leave Them There(...in which we leave Christopher Robin and Winnie the Pooh in an enchanted place).

In the wake of the great success of the Pooh books, a whole series of publications appeared: Christopher Robin Stories, Christopher Robin Reading Book, Christopher Robin Birthday Stories, Christopher Robin Primer and a number of picture books. These editions did not contain new works, but included reprints from previous books.

World of work

The action of the Pooh books takes place in the Hundred Acre Wood (eng. The Hundred Acre Wood, translated by Zakhoder - the Wonderful Forest). It is believed that the prototype is Ashdown Forest, near the Cochford Farm bought by the Milnes in 1925 in East/Sussex. In the stories, Six pines and a stream, near which the North Pole was found, as well as the vegetation mentioned in the text, including prickly gorse (English gorse-bush, translated by Zakhoder - thistle) are also presented as Real. Little Christopher Robin climbs into the hollows of trees and plays with Pooh there, and many characters in books live in hollows. Much of the action takes place in such dwellings or on the branches of trees.

Pooh's best friend is the Piglet piglet (eng. Piglet). Other characters:

The action unfolds simultaneously in three plans - this is the world of toys in the nursery, the world of animals "on their own territory" in the Hundred Acre Forest and the world of characters in the stories of father to son (this is most clearly shown at the very beginning). In the future, the narrator disappears from the story (small dialogues between father and son appear at the end of the sixth and tenth chapters), and the fairy-tale world begins its own existence, growing from chapter to chapter. The similarity of the space and world of the Winnie the Pooh characters with the classical antique and medieval epic was noted. The promising epic undertakings of the characters (travels, exploits, hunting, games) turn out to be comically insignificant, while the real events take place in the inner world of the characters (help in trouble, hospitality, friendship).

The book recreates the atmosphere of universal love and care, a “normal”, protected childhood, without pretensions to solve adult problems, which greatly contributed to the later popularity of this book in the USSR, including the decision of Boris Zakhoder to translate this book. "Winnie the Pooh" reflects the family life of the British middle class of the 1920s, later resurrected by Christopher Robin in his memoirs to understand the context in which the fairy tale arose.

Language

Milne's books are imbued with numerous puns and other types of language games, they are typically played with and distorted "adult" words (explicitly shown in the scene of the Owl's dialogue with Pooh), expressions borrowed from advertising, educational texts, etc. (numerous specific examples are collected in the commentary of A.I. Poltoratsky). A sophisticated play on phraseology, linguistic ambiguity (sometimes more than two meanings of a word) is not always available to a children's audience, but is highly appreciated by adults.

Among the typical techniques of Milne's dilogy is the technique of "significant emptiness" and playing with various fictions: in "Contradiction" (preface to the second part) it is stated that the upcoming events were dreamed of by the reader; "Great thoughts about nothing" come to Pooh's mind, Rabbit answers him that there is "no one at all" at home, Piglet describes the Heffalump - "a big thing, like a huge nothing." Such games are also designed for an adult audience.

Both books are full of poems put into the mouth of Pooh; these poems are written in the English tradition of children's absurd nonsense - continuing the experience of Edward Lear and Lewis Carroll. Samuel Marshak, the first translator of Milne's children's poems, in a letter to Galina Zinchenko, called Miln "the last<…>Edward Lear's direct heir.

Place in the work of Milne

The cycle about Winnie the Pooh overshadowed all the quite diverse and popular adult works of Milne at the time: “he cut off the way back to“ adult ”literature. All his attempts to escape from the clutches of a toy bear were unsuccessful. Milne himself was very upset by such a combination of circumstances, did not consider himself a children's writer and claimed that he writes for children with the same responsibility as for adults.

Philosophy

These English-language works influenced the book of the semiotician and philosopher V.P.Rudnev "Winnie the Pooh and the Philosophy of Ordinary Language". Milne's text is dissected in this book with the help of structuralism, the ideas of Bakhtin, the philosophy of Ludwig Wittgenstein, and a number of other ideas of the 1920s, including psychoanalysis. According to Rudnev, "aesthetic and philosophical ideas are always in the air ... VP appeared during the period of the most powerful flowering of prose of the 20th century, which could not but affect the structure of this work, could not, so to speak, cast its rays on it" . This book also contains a complete translation of both of Milne's books on Pooh (see above under "New Translations").

Publications

The first chapter of "Winnie the Pooh" was published on Christmas Eve, December 24, 1925 in the London newspaper "Landan Invning News" ("London Evening News"), the sixth - in August 1928 in the magazine "Royal Shop" ("Royal Magazine"). The first stand-alone edition appeared on 14 October 1926 in London. General cycle untitled, but usually called "Winnie the Pooh", after the first book.

All four of these books were illustrated by Ernest Shepard, cartoonist and colleague of Alan Milne's Punch magazine. Shepard's graphic illustrations are closely related to the internal logic of the narrative and largely complement the text, which, for example, does not report that the Heffalump looks like an elephant; Shepard is often referred to as Milne's "collaborator". Sometimes Shepard's illustrations correspond to a meaningful arrangement of text on the page. The boy was drawn directly from Christopher Robin, and the image of the boy - in a loose blouse over short pants - repeating Christopher's actual clothes - came into vogue.

In 1983, under the editorship and with notes of the philologist-Anglist A.I. Poltoratsky in Moscow, the Raduga publishing house published in one volume all four prose and verse books about Pooh and, in addition to them, six essays by Milne. The preface to the book was written by the Soviet literary critic D. M. Urnov: this work contained one of the first serious analyzes of the text of the Milnov cycle in Russia. The interest of Poltoratsky (the initiator of the publication) in Winnie the Pooh was awakened by students of the Department of Structural and Applied Linguistics (OSiPL) of the Faculty of Philology of Moscow State University, who offered to parse the English text of Winnie the Pooh during classes on a special course.

Continuation

In 2009, the sequel to the books about Winnie the Pooh "Return to enchanted forest" was published in the UK, approved by the organization Pooh Properties Trust. The author, David Benedictus, sought to emulate the style and composition of the original. The illustrations for the book are also focused on maintaining Shepard's style. "Return to the Enchanted Forest" has been translated into several languages.

Abroad

Books about Winnie the Pooh, despite the difficulties with translation into other languages, have been repeatedly published abroad. In most translations, the "female" semantics of the name Winnie is not conveyed, however, in the 1986 translation of Monika Adamczyk-Harbowska into Polish, the bear bears a female name Fredzia Phi-Phi(however, he still male). But this translation did not win universal recognition, and in Poland the translation of the 1930s by Irena Tuwim is considered a classic, where the name of the bear is clearly masculine - Kubus Puchatek. In the Russian translation by Rudnev and Mikhailova, the name Winnie is used in the original spelling; according to the translators, this should hint at the gender ambiguity of this name.

Just like the original name (with an article in the middle), translated, for example, niderl. Winnie de Poeh, esper. Winnie la Pu and Yiddish ‏װיני-דער-פּו ‏‎ ( Vini-der-pu), almost the same - lat. Winnie ille Pu. Sometimes the bear cub is called one of his two names. For example, "Bear Fluff" (German Pu der Bär, Czech Medvídek Pú, Bulgarian Sword Pooh, "Pu a-Dov" (Heb. ‏פו הדוב ‏‎)) or "Winnie the Bear" (French Winnie l' ourson); the mentioned Polish name Kubuś Puchatek belongs to the same category. There are also names where there are no original names, for example, Hung. Micimackó, dat. Peter Plys, Norwegian Ole Brumm or Mishka-Pluh in the original version of Zakhoder's translation (1958).

In German, Czech, Latin and Esperanto, the name Pooh is rendered as Pu, in accordance with the English pronunciation. Nevertheless, thanks to Zakhoder, a natural-sounding name entered the Russian (and then Ukrainian, Ukrainian, Vinni-Pukh) tradition quite successfully fluff(playing on Slavic words fluff, plump obvious in Polish name too Puchatek). In the Belarusian translation of Vital Voronov - Belarusian. Vinya-Pykh, the second part of the name is translated as "Pykh", which is consonant with Belarusian words puff(arrogance and pride) and out of breath .

In the USSR and Russia

For the first time, the Russian translation of "Winnie the Pooh" was published in the magazine "Murzilka", No. 1 for 1939, in which two chapters were published: "About Winnie the Poo Bear and the bees" and "How Winnie the Poo went to visit and got into trouble” translated by A. Koltynina and O. Galanina. The author's name was not given, it was subtitled "An English Fairy Tale". This translation uses the names Winnie-Poo, Piglet, and Christopher Robin. The illustrator of the first publication was the graphic artist Aleksey Laptev, the chapter in No. 9 for 1939 was illustrated by Mikhail Khrapkovsky.

The first complete translation of "Winnie the Pooh" in the USSR came out in 1958 in Lithuania (lit. Mikė Pūkuotukas), it was made by the 20-year-old Lithuanian writer Virgilijus Chepaitis, who used the Polish translation of Irena Tuvim. Subsequently, Chepaitis, having become acquainted with the English original, significantly revised his translation, which was then repeatedly reprinted in Lithuania.

In the same year, Boris Vladimirovich Zakhoder got acquainted with the book. Acquaintance began with an encyclopedic article. Here is what he himself said about it:

Our meeting took place in the library, where I looked through the English children's encyclopedia. It was love at first sight: I saw a picture of a cute bear cub, read a few poetic quotes - and rushed to look for a book. Thus came one of the happiest moments of my life: the days of work on Pooh.

In No. 8 of the Murzilka magazine for 1958, one of the chapters was published in the retelling of Boris Zakhoder: “How Mishka-Plyukh went to visit and ended up in a hopeless situation.” The Detgiz publishing house rejected the manuscript of the book (it was considered "American"), but on July 13, 1960, "Winnie the Pooh and Everyone Else" was signed for printing by the new Detsky Mir publishing house. Circulation of 215 thousand copies with illustrations by Alice Poret. The artist also illustrated a number of subsequent publications in the publishing house "Kid". Along with small black-and-white pictures, Poret also created colored multi-figure compositions (“Saving Little Roo”, “Saveshnik”, etc.), as well as the first map of the Hundred-Acre Forest in Russian. Over time, the name of the book was established - "Winnie the Pooh and All-All-All." In 1965, the already popular book was also published in Detgiz. The imprint of several early editions erroneously listed "Arthur Milne" as the author. Although in 1957 the publishing house "Iskusstvo" already published one book by Alan Alexander Milne ("Mr. In 1967, the Russian Winnie the Pooh was published by the American publishing house Dutton, where most of the books about Pooh were published and in whose building Christopher Robin's toys were stored at that time.

Song of Winnie the Pooh (from chapter 13)

Winnie the Pooh lives well in the world!
That is why he sings these Songs aloud!
And no matter what he's doing
If he doesn't get fat,
But he will not get fat,
And, on the contrary,
on-
hu-
deet!

Boris Zakhoder

The composition and composition of the original in Zakhoder's retelling were not fully respected. In the 1960 edition, only 18 chapters are present, the tenth from the first book and the third from the second are omitted (more precisely, the ninth chapter is reduced to a few paragraphs added at the end of the ninth). Only in 1990, on the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the Russian Winnie the Pooh, Zakhoder translated both missing chapters. The third chapter of the second book was published separately in the journal Tram, in the February 1990 issue. Both chapters were included in the final edition of Zakhoder's translation as part of the collection "Winnie the Pooh and Much More", published in the same year and subsequently reprinted several times. In this edition, as in the first one, there are no prefaces and dedications, although the division into two books (“Winnie the Pooh” and “The House at the Pooh Edge”) is restored, and the through numbering of chapters is replaced by a separate one for each book. The fragment at the end of the ninth chapter about the holiday in honor of Winnie the Pooh, now actually duplicating the text of the tenth chapter, has been preserved in full text. The very fact of the existence of a more complete edition of Zakhoder's translation is relatively little known; the text has already managed to enter the culture in an abbreviated form.

Zakhoder always emphasized that his book is not a translation, but paraphrase, the fruit of co-creation and "re-creation" of Milne in Russian. Indeed, his text does not always literally follow the original. A number of finds missing from Milne (for example, the various names of Pooh's songs - Noise Makers, Chants, Howlers, Nozzles, Puffers - or Piglet's question: “Does Heffalump like piglets? And as does he love them?"), fits well into the context of the work. Milne does not have a complete parallel and the widespread use of capital letters (Unknown Who, Relatives and Friends of the Rabbit), the frequent personification of inanimate objects (Pooh approaches the "familiar puddle"), more "fabulous" vocabulary, not to mention a few hidden references to Soviet reality. He ambiguously perceived the style of Zakhoder’s “Pooh” Korney Chukovsky: “His translation of Winnie the Pooh will be successful, although the translation style is shaky (in the English fairy tale, fathers, piglet, etc.)”. ().

At the same time, a number of researchers, including E. G. Etkind, still attribute this work to translations. Zakhoder's text also retains the language game and humor of the original, "the intonation and spirit of the original" and "with jewelry precision" conveys many important details. The advantages of the translation also include the absence of excessive Russification of the world of the fairy tale, the observance of the paradoxical English mentality.

The book in the retelling of Zakhoder from the 1960s-1970s was extremely popular not only as a children's reading, but also among adults, including the scientific intelligentsia. In the post-Soviet period, the tradition of the presence of Zakhoder's "Winnie the Pooh" in a stable circle of family reading continues.

From the first, abridged version of the retelling by Boris Zakhoder, and not from the English original, some translations of "Winnie the Pooh" into the languages of the peoples of the USSR were made: Georgian (1988), Armenian (1981), one of the Ukrainian versions (A. Kostetsky).

Viktor Chizhikov participated in illustrating Soviet publications. More than 200 color illustrations, screensavers and hand-drawn titles for "Winnie the Pooh" belong to Boris Diodorov. B. Diodorov and G. Kalinovsky are the authors of black-and-white illustrations and color inserts in the 1969 edition of Children's Literature; a cycle of colored Diodorov illustrations was created in 1986-1989 and appeared in several editions. The first edition of the Ukrainian translation by Leonid Solonko was illustrated by Valentin Chernukha.

In the 1990s - 2000s, new series of illustrations continued to appear in Russia: Evgenia Antonenkova; Boris Diodorov continued his series of illustrations for the extended edition of Zakhoder's translation.

The 1990s became the time for the creation of new translations of Winnie the Pooh into Russian. Zakhoder's retelling has ceased to be the only one. Victor Weber's translation became the most famous of the alternatives to Zakhoder's and was published several times by the EKSMO publishing house; in addition, it was printed parallel to the original in a bilingual annotated edition published in 2001 by the Raduga publishing house. Weber's version retains the division into two parts, as well as the prefaces and poetic dedications in each of them, all 20 chapters are fully translated. Nevertheless, according to a number of critics, L. Bruni), this translation is not as valuable from an artistic point of view as Zakhoder's, and in a number of places it overly literalizes the original, neglecting the language game; the translator consistently strives to avoid Zakhoder's decisions, even where they are indisputable. Translations of poetry (performed not by Weber, but by Natalia Rein) were also criticized. Weber has Piglet - Piglet, Heffalump - Hobotun, and Tiger - Tiger.

There was a transformation of the names of the characters in the translations of Disney cartoons, although this has nothing to do with the translation of Milne's text. Since the names Piglet, Tiger, Eeyore were invented by Zakhoder, these names were changed to others ( Piglet, Tigrulya, Ushastik).

In 1996, the Moimpeks publishing house published a parallel English text, "for the convenience of learning languages", the translation of T. Vorogushin and L. Lisitskaya, which, according to A. Borisenko, "quite corresponds" to the task of interlinear, but, according to M Yeliferova, "is full of unmotivated deviations from the original, as well as such errors against Russian style that are not justified by referring to the tasks of the interlinear" . The names are the same as those of Zakhoder, however, the Owl, in accordance with the original, is made a male character, which with such a name in Russian looks like a mistake.

Screen adaptations

USA

In 1929, Milne sold the rights to commercial exploitation (eng. merchandising right) of the image of Winnie the Pooh to American producer Stephen Schlesinger. During this period, in particular, several performance records based on Milne's books were released, very popular in the USA [ ] . In 1961, these rights were bought from Schlesinger's widow by Disney Studios [ ] . The Disney Company has also acquired the copyright for Shepard's drawings, his teddy bear image is referred to as "Classic Pooh". According to the plot of some chapters of the first book, the studio released short cartoons ( Winnie the Pooh and the honey tree, winnie the pooh and worries day, Winnie the Pooh and Tigger with him! and ). In Disney films and publications, the character's name, unlike Milne's books, is written without hyphens ( Winnie the Pooh), which may reflect American punctuation as opposed to British punctuation. Since the 1970s, Disney has been releasing cartoons based on newly invented plots that are no longer associated with Milne's books. Many fans of Milne's works feel that the plots and style of Disney films have little to do with the spirit of the Vinnie books. The Milne family, in particular, Christopher Robin, spoke sharply negatively about Disney products.

The American researcher of creativity Milne Paola Connolly states: ““Unrolled”, parodied and modified in commercial production, the characters of the fairy tale have become a cultural myth, but a myth very far from the author. Especially this process of alienation intensified after the death of Milne. The appearance of the cartoon characters, in general, goes back to Shepard's illustrations, but the drawing is simplified, and some memorable features are exaggerated. Shepard's Winnie the Pooh wears a short red blouse only in winter (search for Buka), while Disney's wears it all year round.

The second cartoon about Winnie the Pooh called Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day won the 1968 Academy Award for Best Animated Short Subject. In total, in the 1960s, Disney released 4 short films about Winnie the Pooh: ( Winnie the Pooh and the honey tree, winnie the pooh and worries day, Winnie the Pooh and Tigger with him! and Winnie the Pooh and a holiday for Eeyore), as well as a television puppet show ( Welcome to Pooh's Edge).

A distinctive feature of the Americanization of the plot was the appearance in the full-length film The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh (1977), which includes, along with new scenes, three previously released short cartoons, a new character named Gopher (in Russian translations, he is referred to as Gopher). The fact is that the gopher animal is found only in North America. Gopher's appearance has become programmatic - he exclaims: "Of course, I'm not in the book!".

Copyright for the image of Winnie the Pooh and his friends is one of the most profitable in the world, at least as far as literary characters are concerned. The Disney company now earns $1 billion a year from sales of videos and other Pooh-related products, the same as Disney's own famous images of Mickey Mouse, Minnie Mouse, Donald Duck, Goofy and Pluto combined. In a 2004 Hong Kong survey, Winnie was the favorite Disney cartoon character of all time. In 2005, similar sociological results were obtained at

Who wrote the English Winnie the Pooh

The author of the original fairy tale about Winnie the Pooh is Alan Alexander Milne. This is an English writer, born in 1882 in London. His father was the owner of a private school, and the boy himself studied with HG Wells. During the First World War, Milne was at the front, served as an officer. And in 1920 he had a son - Christopher Robin. It was for him that the writer wrote a series of fairy tales about a bear cub. As a prototype of the bear, the author used the image of Christopher's teddy bear, and the boy became the prototype of himself. By the way, Christopher's bear was called Edward - like the full name of "Teddy", a teddy bear, but then he renamed and named the familiar name of a character in the book, after a bear from a local zoo. The rest of the characters are also Christopher's toys, bought by his father as a gift, or donated by neighbors, like Piglet. The donkey, by the way, did not really have a tail. It was torn off by Christopher during the games.

Milne wrote his fairy tale in 1925 and published it in 1926, although the image of the bear appeared on August 21, 1921, on his son's first birthday. After this book, there were many more works, but none of them became as popular as the story about the bear.

Who wrote the Russian Winnie the Pooh

On July 13, 1960, the Russian version of Winnie the Pooh was signed for publication. And in 1958, the Murzilka magazine published a story about the Mishka-Plyukh for the first time. Who wrote the Russian Winnie the Pooh? Children's writer and translator Boris Zakhoder. It is this author who owns the translations of the story about the bear "with sawdust in his head." Naturally, this was not just a translation, but an adaptation of the image of English characters in the Soviet way. The author also added figurative speech to the hero. In the original, of course, there were no nozzles, chants and puffers. Moreover, in the first version, the book was called "Winnie the Pooh and All the Rest", and then it acquired the familiar name "Winnie the Pooh and All-All-All". It is interesting that the country's main children's publishing house refused to publish this fairy tale, so the author turned to the new publishing house "Children's World", which later became its first publisher. The illustrations were drawn by various artists. One of them, Viktor Chizhikov, drew another famous bear - the Olympic one. By the way, for the first fee received from the release of the book, Zakhoder bought Moskvich.

The screenwriter of the Soviet cartoon, of course, was Boris Zakhoder. Fedor Khitruk acted as director. Work on the cartoon began in the late 1960s. The film adaptation included 3 episodes, although it was originally planned to draw all the chapters of the book. This happened due to the fact that Zakhoder and Khitruk could not agree on how the final result should look like. For example, the Russian author did not want to portray the main character as a fat bear cub, because the original toy was thin. He did not agree with the character of the hero, who, in his opinion, should be poetic, and not cheerful, jumping and stupid. And Khitruk wanted to shoot an ordinary children's story about funny animals. The main character was voiced by Yevgeny Leonov, the Piglet was voiced by Iya Savvina, and the donkey was voiced by Erast Garin, the music for Winnie the Pooh was written by Moses Weinberg. The script of the cartoon was somewhat different from the book, although it was as close as possible to it, but it was 20 phrases from the script that entered the colloquial speech of Soviet viewers, and are still used by both the old and the new generation.

Disney cartoon

In 1929, Milne sold the rights to use the image of Winnie the Pooh to producer Stephen Slesinger. He released several performances on records, and after his death, in 1961, the producer's widow resold it to the Disney studio. The studio released several episodes of the cartoon based on the book, and then took up independent creativity, coming up with a script “on its own”. This greatly displeased the Milne family because they felt that neither the plot nor even the style of the animated series conveyed the spirit of the book. But thanks to this film adaptation, the image of Winnie the Pooh has become popular all over the world, and now it is used on a par with Mickey Mouse and other Disney characters.

Popularity in the world

The popularity of the story and its characters does not fade away. The collection of short stories has been translated into dozens of languages. In Oxfordshire, they still hold the Trivia Championship - participants throw sticks into the water and follow the one who sailed to the finish line first. And in honor of the main character, several streets around the world are named. Monuments to this bear stand in the center of London, in the zoo and in the Moscow region. Winnie the Pooh is also depicted on stamps, not only of our countries, but also of 16 more. And the original toys from which the heroes were described are still kept in the US Museum, but the UK is trying to take them home.

Do you know who wrote Winnie the Pooh? Probably, there is no person living in the post-Soviet space who would not be familiar with such a famous character as. More than one generation of children has been watching the adventures of a charming, well-fed bear who loves honey and his exotic friends - Piglet the Piglet, Eeyore the donkey and many others. But, few people are aware of who wrote Winnie the Pooh.

This famous work, based on which it was filmed, was written by the English author Alan Alexander Milne.

Despite the fact that the work itself was published in 1925, it was first published on the pages of printed publications only a year later. The writer was inspired by his son's toy, which the young Christopher called Winnie.

Alan Alexander Milne

Who was Mr Milne? The future writer was born in 1882 in the English capital London in a middle-class family. His father kept a small private school, and therefore, Alan had absolutely no problems with getting an education. After graduating from elementary educational institution his dad, the guy continued his studies at Westminster High School. After which he was enrolled in Cambridge College. It was there that his writing career began. In college, our hero participated in the publication of a student newspaper and his talent was noticed by a humorous publication, where Milne was offered the position of assistant editor. Alan managed to participate in the most real hostilities. With the outbreak of the First World War, he took up arms and went to the front as a career officer. Despite this, he managed to get married in 1913, and in 1920 the fruit of marriage was born - the charming baby Christopher. Actually, it was to him that Milne dedicated his immortal work.

However, even before the release of a book about a funny little bear with sawdust in his head, Alan was known as a fairly well-known playwright, whose writings were in great demand in theatrical circles. However, the story of Winnie the Pooh exceeded all expectations and immortalized the name of the writer, despite the fact that Milne's collection had many worthy and noteworthy books that came out from under his pen. The work immediately gained popularity among kids and their parents, who read it to their youths at bedtime. A little later, based on the novel loved by children, with the development of the cinematographic industry, a whole cartoon boom began - everyone began to film the adventures of the famous bear and his comrades.

Who wrote the Soviet cartoon Winnie the Pooh? It is also based on Milne's story, although our filmmakers adapted it a little to Russian style by adding other characters. Boris Zakhoder retold it, called it "Winnie the Pooh and all all all", which served as material for the film adaptation of the Soviet animated series.

Dmitry Galkovsky 25.04.2016

Like many children's writers, Alan Milne, author of the famous "Winnie the Pooh", did not consider himself a children's writer. During his life, he wrote a lot of "adult" novels, novellas, short stories and plays - mostly love stories, detective stories and humorous works. Like other English writers of the era of imperialism, Milne was a man of service, that is, he was a member of the local writers' organization, where state agitators read reports, adopted resolutions and elected each other in all kinds of commissions and committees. Well, they knocked on each other - all the writers' unions and clubs in the United Kingdom were tightly supervised by the security agencies. Like Soviet Union Writers - in the image of English writers' organizations and created.

During the First World War, Milne was mobilized to the front, but then, through the efforts of friends in the literary workshop, he was transferred to Mi-7, a British secret police unit engaged in propaganda, censorship and surveillance of foreigners. What he did there is not entirely clear. Probably, the case was limited to writing anti-German propaganda (Milne was a member of the editorial board of the British "Crocodile" - the magazine "Punch"). In a series of similar notes, for example, it was proved that the Germans make soap from people - however, then not Jews yet, but their own soldiers who fell on the battlefield. What to do - military propaganda. Such a service gave Milne an officer's rank and, at the same time, a "booking" from the front line.

As an open scoundrel and paid informer, Milne established himself much later - during the Second World War. In 1940, after the occupation of France by the Germans, the English writer Pelam Grenville Woodhouse, who lived there, was interned. Woodhouse was sent to a displaced persons camp, where he made a series of radio broadcasts about local life - in a tone as skeptical of the Nazis as censorship made it possible. The Germans allowed these broadcasts to show how mild and tolerant the Nazi regime was compared to that of the English monarchy. The Nazi plan was a complete success. The broadcasts caused a storm of hatred in the ruling circles of Great Britain, and hired scribblers were ordered to portray Wodehouse as a traitor, a liar and a "Goebbels puppet". The company of persecution was headed by British intelligence captain Alan Milne. Woodhouse was soon released by the Germans and left for France, from where he moved to the United States after the war. The British authorities gradually abandoned their accusations, and then actually apologized to the undeservedly offended writer. In 1975, 93-year-old Woodhouse was awarded the Order of the British Empire.

Woodhouse, unlike Milne, was a really good writer. Let me remind you that he is the author of the famous series of novels about Jeeves and Woostor. But the main role in his rehabilitation was not played by this, and not by the fact that he enjoyed extraordinary popularity in America (of which he became a citizen in 1955), but by the fact that Woodhouse was a British aristocrat. Therefore, he was entrusted with poisoning him to a petty service woman, Milne, the neat son of the headmaster. At the same time, many writers were allowed to withdraw from the campaign and even come out with a moderate defense of Wodehouse.

As a result, by the end of the war, Milne's reputation among his colleagues was badly tarnished, and Woodhouse himself made the author of "Winnie the Pooh" the target of caustic literary parodies.

He had every reason for this. Milne is a slightly below average writer, and Winnie the Pooh is a self-sabotaging book.

For a children's book, it is very complex compositionally, for an adult - this complexity is not justified, not explained, and not agreed upon. As a result, adults do not read it, and in children, reading, despite interesting scenes, causes general bewilderment and headache. Let me remind you that in "Winnie the Pooh" the story is told on behalf of the boy's father, who tells his son stories with his toys, at the same time these toys, turned into characters, interact directly with the boy, and, finally, live outside this communication in a special toy world. And to top it all off, Milne claims it's all a dream. Creating such a complex literary space is a good task for an adult book written by a master. But Winnie the Pooh is written for children and written by an English literary clerk. Milne did not even realize the scale of the task he set for himself, and all the "literary babylons" of the story are due to the elementary pettiness of the author.

This is not entirely clear to the Russian reader, since we are familiar with the talented translation of Boris Zakhoder, who shortened the book by removing absurdities and lengths, as well as introducing a number of successful jokes and puns. For example, Winnipukhov's "puffers-sniffers" are not Milne, but Zakhoder, Piglet's famous question "How does heffalump love piglets?" - too.

However, Milne himself has many such puns - this is the basis of the tedious humor of the English. Which has one drawback - the British joke all the time, so their humor often looks out of place. Or, to use a more accurate word, useless.

In general, for a foreign reader in the English-language "Winnie the Pooh" there are many discouraging details. For example, Winnie in the transcription of the author ("Winnie ») it is a female name, like the Russian "Viki". Then the author constantly certifies Winnie as a "bear cub with a very small brain." For a child, this is an insult to a beloved character. And there are a lot of such mistakes in Milne's fairy tale.

Such flaws are caused by the writer's deafness of the author, which leads to primitive realism.

Why is Winnie the Pooh called Winnie? But because this is the name of a bear (more precisely, a bear) in the London Zoo, which Milne's son called a teddy bear. And why is the boy (completely NOT REQUIRED in the book) named Christopher Robin? But because this is again the real name of the only son of Milne.

This name, by the way, is wild for the English ear, sounding the same as for Russians the names "Menelaus" or "Sysy". Did Milne love his son? (Which at least humanly explained the introduction of an extra character in the fairy tale.) Good question, which I will try to answer a little later.

Let's ask another question first:

- Why did England become the country of CHILDREN'S classical literature?

Most likely, because England is a bone-breaking, repressive, prison country, and the child reader reads what they picked up. He does not have his own opinion or it is not articulated. What a child should read is determined by adults - and if children receive interesting children's books, it is only thanks to tact and understanding of child psychology on the part of adults. The nation of zoologists and travelers certainly has both. But the English also have many other things: for example, a tendency to torture and coercion, emotional coldness, idiocy, intellectual charlatanism.

A children's book is quite easy to push into bestsellers - children, as bonded beings, will diligently read anything, not really thinking about the true level of the author, "offered to their attention." Therefore, in the world adult literature of outstanding authors, the British have 10% percent, but in children's literature 50%.

For the same reason, English children's books benefit greatly when they are placed in a different cultural context and when translated into other languages. Flaws and inconsistencies are leveled by a high-quality translation, and in addition, foreign readers forgive a lot or take it personally:“probably we misunderstood something”, “English specifics should be taken into account” . In the case of adult literature, poor quality can be tested by the degree of reader interest. But in the case of children's literature, adult writers decide for unintelligent readers. And they make this decision, especially in the case of foreign literature, guided by criteria far from objectivity. For example, making an adjustment for the special “childishness” of his texts, allegedly imitated by the author. Or, mistakenly considering the popularity of a CHILDREN'S book in its homeland as a reliable sign of a high artistic level.

If you look at it, the extraordinary success of "Winnie the Pooh" is due not so much to the properties of the text as to three "accompanying circumstances".

Firstly, immediately after the publication, Milne managed, through connections in the "Writers' Union", to organize the reading of the book on the radio. Radio was to 1925 what television was to 1965—the book received wild publicity.

Secondly, five years later, Milne sold the book already promoted in England for commercial use to the Americans, and they released a series of performance records dubbed by professional actors on the colossal American market. (It must be said that in the format of an audio play, Milne's book, replete with dialogue, wins a lot).

Finally, thirdly, in the early 60s, Disney bought the rights to Winnie the Pooh and turned the fairy tale into a popular animated series - the rank of Tom and Jerry. Although there was little left of Milne's book (up to the introduction of new characters), this finally introduced the English bear cub into the pantheon of heroes of world children's classics.

As for Russia, the popularity of Winnie the Pooh in our country, even greater than in the West, is caused by other reasons (although essentially the same).

Due to the natural Anglophilia of Soviet children's literature, coming from Chukovsky and Marshak, the translation of fragments of Winnie the Pooh appeared even under Stalin. And in the late 50s, following the wave of popularity of Milne's book in Eastern Europe, Zakhoder's translation began to be published in mass editions in the USSR.

But Winnie the Pooh became a popular favorite after a series of short cartoons released by Fyodor Khitruk in 1969-1972. Khitruk threw out the ridiculous Christopher Robin and other nonsense from the book, and for 40 minutes did for Milne what he tried to write on 400 pages, but never wrote: a series of funny, ironic and at the same time not so simple stories, designed for children and adults. Milne's humor, undoubtedly present in the book, was preserved and enhanced by Khitruk, and the characters are clearly drawn. It was Khitruk who created the finished image of the Russian Winnie the Pooh, which is much better and more interesting than both the English and American versions. Khitruk himself described his character as follows:

“Winnie the Pooh is constantly filled with some kind of grandiose plans, too complex and cumbersome for those trifling things that he is going to undertake, so plans collapse when they come into contact with reality. He constantly gets into trouble, but not out of stupidity, but because his world does not coincide with reality. In this I see the comic of his character and actions. Of course, he loves to eat, but that's not the point."

Russian cartoons made an excellent children's work out of Milnov's remnant - with a clear plot, memorable characters and even excellent clumsy verses.

Zakhoder's poems, written for the cartoon and beautifully performed by Yevgeny Leonov, are much better than Milson's dull nonsense, which is impossible to read in Russian under any sauce.

Compare perky:

Winnie the Pooh lives well in the world!

That is why he sings these Songs aloud!

And no matter what he's doing

If he doesn't get fat,

But he will not get fat,

And, on the contrary,

on-

hu-

deet!

And this is the Milnsian slur:

King,

His Majesty,

Her Majesty asked

To her majesty

I asked the dairymaid:

Is it possible to deliver oils

For breakfast to the king.

court milkmaid

She said: - Of course,

I'm going to tell the cow

Until I sleep!

It is hard to imagine a child (and even more so an adult) who would voluntarily, without trustee recommendations, memorize, and then read by heart the cutesy loyal nonsense of the captain of the British literary troops.

However, let's talk about the son of Milne, for whom the fairy tale about Winnie the Pooh was supposedly written.

The English torment of Christopher Robin (a person, not a character) began with the fact that he had the audacity to be born a boy, which caused outrage from selfish parents. Both father and mother did not pay any attention to their son, going about their business, raising a child was the duty of a maid. In the end, the mother abandoned the family altogether. There are a number of staged photographs of little Christopher with loving parents and toys. In all these photographs, the boy looks sad or confused.

Christopher Robin was given a double name because his parents could not agree. At the same time, the selfish father believed that his name was more important, and the selfish mother believed that the situation was exactly the opposite. Therefore, among themselves, the child was called "Billy", but only at home, so that at school they would not think that someone had argued with someone.

Already from such a "philosophy of the name" it is clear that the English parents did not care deeply about the boy. Christopher-Robin was bullied by classmates for being Christopher-Robin, and "Winnie the Pooh" turned a stay in an English school (essentially, a military school with chirping youngsters and legalized beatings) into hell. Milne Sr. did not read his fairy tales to his son, Christopher Robin himself hated them, and read (listened to the record) at the age of 60.

Among other things, father Milne was a devout ideological Freemason, and forbade his son to be baptized. At the same time, the nanny, who alone took care of the child, was religious and taught Christopher to pray. The religiosity of the little boy became another reason for bullying by classmates. In the future, due to the lack of a normal upbringing, porridge formed in the head of poor Christopher, and he married his cousin. The consequence of this marriage was the birth of a daughter with serious genetic abnormalities.

Interestingly, his wife also hated "Winnie the Pooh" and in the bookstore that they both kept, this book was not for sale. Although it was in great demand and due to natural advertising, it could bring a big profit to the family.

In his declining years, Christopher Robin wrote a memoir, where he bitterly complained about his father's insensitivity and the fact that he turned him into a character in his ridiculous book.

Although the main character of Milne's fairy tale is the resilient sanguine Winnie the Pooh, the character of Christopher Robin, a neurotic child who was raised as a girl, is most similar to Piglet.

True, Piglets grow up in a fairy-tale life. It seems that Christopher Robin has grown into a decent pig, and his literary complaints about his father are largely dictated by envy of the writer, who was inadvertently warmed by fame from the naturally insignificant writer.

The Russian-language Wikipedia is touched by the cultural hipster fairy tale "Made in England":

“The book recreates the atmosphere of universal love and care, a “normal”, protected childhood, without pretensions to solve adult problems, which greatly contributed to the later popularity of this book in the USSR, including the decision of Boris Zakhoder to translate this book. "Winnie the Pooh" reflects the family life of the British middle class in the 1920s, later resurrected by Christopher Robin in his memoirs to understand the context in which the tale arose.

This is the beautiful-hearted chatter of the feeble-minded children of perestroika. In reality, in keeping with the traditions of the "British middle-class family life", 35-year-old Christopher Robin approached his 65-year-old mother, who came from America, at his father's funeral, and hissed:“When will you die, old b…” . She, again in the spirit of tradition, did not reach into her pocket for an answer, and gave her son a penny with her fist. An ugly scene ensued. Currently, the heirs of the deceased Christopher Robin are trying to sue billions from the Disney studio, using his paralyzed daughter as a battering ram. All this "Anglo-American cultural dialogue" takes place against the backdrop of teddy bears, runaways, and museums of Christopher Robin's childhood.

Speaking of runaways.

Winnie the bear, who gave the name to Christopher Robin's teddy bear, was a conspicuous element of chauvinistic British propaganda. According to official legend, the bear was brought to England in 1914 by Canadian "volunteers", who named her after the Canadian state of Winnipeg. The "volunteers" themselves went to die on the Western front, and the bear was left to the London Zoo - to the delight of the local kids. What children then 20 years old were talking about in the local October and pioneer press (let's not forget that England is the birthplace of the scout movement).

No less remarkable is the story of the teddy bear. The Teddy bear, which served as the prototype for the classic illustrations for Winnie the Pooh, was created in America and named after President Theodore Roosevelt, who, according to the loyal legend of the imperialist agitprop, allegedly refused to shoot the little bear cub while hunting. (In fact, on the contrary, he ordered to kill a half-dead bear tied to a tree).

We already know about the true biography of the great lovers of children of the "children's" writer Milne.

To complete the picture, it is worth adding that with Khitruk, too, not everything is simple. During the war, he worked in the NKVD as a radio interceptor, and after the war he served as a military translator in occupied Germany. And the mother of the merry fellow Zakhoder, when her son was 14 years old, committed suicide by drinking acetic acid.

In this context, "Winnipuhiad" certainly has its own charm. Given that WHAT was an adult alternative to children's literary nonsense.

"Winnie the Pooh" - a fairy tale of the militaristic era with margarine on cards and "trench truth". Yes, written by an informer who does not love his son and who is trying to hide in children's "children's literature" from the disgusting and vile reality: with the howling of sirens and bombings. Therefore, if you look closely, there is a hysterical strain in the Winnie-the-Pooh nonsense - when they plug their ears and do not want to know what everyone knows. Here is a fairy tale that sprouted on the meager Soviet soil, where this pan-European problem was elevated to an absolute. In this sense, the Russian-language encyclopedia, in general, is right. Only the wording needs to be slightly edited:

“Winnie the Pooh reflects fantasies about the illusory family life of the neurotic middle class Europeans of the 10-50s of the twentieth century”

In general, as the Soviet rhyme of the era of stagnation, quite worthy of Wodehouse's pen, said:

Winnie the Pooh lives well in the world

He has a wife and children - he is a burdock.

Many watched a cartoon or read a fairy tale in a teddy bear. But not everyone knows who was the first to write a story known to children and adults.

The person who created the story wanted to go down in history as a serious writer. He created a cycle of poems and stories, but every person associates his name with a cute plush bear, whose head is stuffed with sawdust.

The history of the creation of a fairy tale

Gave the world a story about the adventures of Winnie the Pooh. The English writer wrote a fairy tale for his own son, who also became one of the main characters - Christopher Robin.

Almost all the characters in the story had prototypes in the real world. The boy's plush toys bore names similar to those of the bear cub and his friends.

The protagonist of the story is named after a bear who lived in 1924 on the territory of the zoo in London. Three years before the visit of the father and son to the zoo, the baby received a plush animal as a birthday present. Before the epochal meeting, Christopher Robin could not find him suitable name.

They called the plush bear, as is customary in England, simply Teddy. Having met the London bear, Christopher Robin decided to name his toy friend Winnie.

A loving dad regularly pleased his son with new toys. So Winnie the Pooh made friends. The piglet, which was named Piglet, was brought to the boy by the neighbors. Only Rabbit and Owl have no real prototypes. Milne invented them in order to develop the course of events in history.

The beginning of the book - the writing of the first chapter - took place in 1925 around Christmas. This is how the happy life of Winnie the teddy bear and his faithful friends began. It continues at the present time.

The English writer created two collections of poems and 2 prose books about the bear. Milne dedicated the last to his wife.

When talking about who wrote Winnie the Pooh, one more person who plays an important role cannot be ignored. This is an artist who worked in the editorial office of Punch magazine. Ernest Shepard acted as co-author. The cartoonist created images of the toy characters of the story as they are seen by modern children and adults.

The book about the adventures of a bear cub and his friends is very popular because the story is reminiscent of the stories that a child hears from mom and dad, going to bed.

In the Milne family, the son was surrounded by care and love, he grew up in a special atmosphere. Every page of the book is saturated with it.

Illustration for the first edition of "Winnie the Pooh"

One of the main reasons for the popularity of the story about the bear is the style of presentation. The book is full of puns, funny phraseological units and parodies. The story appeals to adults and children all over the world.

The book about Winnie the Pooh is unique. The best writers from different parts of the world translated it so that their fellow citizens could get to know the teddy bear and plunge into the wonderful world.

For the first time, the story about a bear cub and his friends translated into Russian appeared in Lithuania. The event took place in 1958. He translated the story two years later. It was his translation that gained immense popularity.

Once in the library, the writer looked through the English encyclopedia. In the book I saw an image of the plush hero of the fairy tale Milne. The story about the adventures of Winnie the bear and his friends interested the Soviet writer, so he decided to retell the fairy tale created by the Englishman.

Zakhoder constantly said that he did not seek to make the translation literal. Rather, the story is a free retelling, a rethinking of the original version. It was Zakhoder who added various nozzles, noisemakers, puffers, screamers and chants, thanks to which the Soviet audience fell in love with the famous Pooh so much.

What is the difference between the original Winnie the Pooh and the Soviet one? Boris Zakhoder approached the translation of history differently. The main differences between the two stories are as follows:

According to Milne, the plush bear had "little brains", and the Soviet Winnie the Pooh merrily sang a song about having sawdust in his head;
The name of the protagonist Zakhoder has been somewhat changed. In the original version, the character was called Winnie-the-Pooh. When translated literally from in English it means winnie-fu. The silent name of the hero did not take root in the translated version, Boris Zakhoder called the bear cub Winnie the Pooh. The name is similar to transliteration. Christopher Robin called the swans to him, saying "fluff". Therefore, such a name fits perfectly into history;

The names of other cartoon characters in the original version also sounded different. Piglet in the English version - Piglet, Eeyore's donkey was called Eeyore by Milne. Other characters in the story retained the names given by the author.
Cardinal differences are observed between the Soviet cartoon and the English book. According to the creator, Winnie the Pooh is Christopher Robin's toy. And in the television version, the teddy bear is an independent character.

In the Soviet cartoon, Pooh does not wear clothes, but in the original version he is dressed in a blouse.
The number of heroes also varies. Milne has Tigra, Kanga and her baby Roo in the story. In the Soviet cartoon, these heroes are absent.

There are many differences between the version of Zakhoder and Milne. But despite this, children and adults equally love cartoons created by Disney and Khitruk.

The number 18 is symbolic for a teddy bear. Every year on January 18, his birthday is celebrated. The date is not accidental - it coincides with the name day of the English writer who invented this story for his son. There are exactly 18 chapters in the original version of the story.

More interesting facts about Winnie the Pooh:

The work created by Milne entered the history of English literature. In 2017, the book about the adventures of Winnie the Pooh and his friends became the best-selling book in the world. It has been translated into dozens of languages and printed in each of them.

In the Disney cartoon, you can see a sign above the door of Winnie the Pooh's house, which says "Mr. Sanders." In fact, this is not the name of the protagonist of Milne's story. According to the story, the teddy bear is too lazy to change the sign left from the previous owner of the house.
The author did not immediately add the gopher to the story. This hero has been mentioned for the first time since 1977. The character does not exist in the original version of the book. The creators of the Disney cartoon added a gopher. He became one of the heroes of the animated series called The New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh.

Gopher is absent from the book, but is present in the cartoon "Winnie the Pooh"

The places mentioned in the book can be visited in real life. The famous Dense Forest has a real prototype - a forest located near country house English writer.
Going to the public library located in New York, you can see with your own eyes the real toys of Alan's son Alexander Milne. The collection contains all the characters of the story, except for Roo. In 1930, Christopher Robin lost his toy.

The Soviet version of the cartoon maximally reveals the meaning of the original version of the story. The film adaptation of the English book by Disney greatly changed the story of Winnie the Pooh. The teddy bear brand is also popular as Mickey Mouse or Pluto.
Every year Oxfordshire hosts the Trivia Championship. This game is taken from original version story. The hero of the book threw sticks into the water and watched which one would get to a certain point faster. The entertainment took off.

Winnie the Pooh is an interesting and unique character. Creating stories for his own son, Milne did not expect that his tales would be retold not only by many writers, but also by ordinary parents.