Blackberry is a medicinal plant of the Crimea. Synopsis "Medicinal plants of the Crimea Medicinal herbs and plants of the Crimea

13.09.2020

Crimean flora is characterized by great diversity. In a small area there are forest, steppe, semi-desert and desert natural areas. Their distribution is related to the climate and topography of the peninsula. There are about 250 endemic plants in the Crimea, some representatives of the flora are relics of the Ice Age. Mediterranean species have taken root well on the South Shore.

Below are some representatives of the flora of the Crimea with brief description and photo.

Colchicum Ankara

Corm perennial grows in the steppes and on the slopes of the mountains. The height of the plant is only 5 cm. There is a bluish bloom on the leaves of the lanceolate form. Flowering depending on temperature regime starts in January-March. Colchicum flowers of a pink-purple hue look like a crocus. However, unlike the crocus, the flowers and leaves of the plant appear at the same time. Colchicum belongs to poisonous plants, today it is listed in the Red Book.

Astragalus bristly

perennial herbaceous plant listed as an endangered species. At present, it has been preserved only in three regions of the southern coast of Crimea. The relic grows on rocks and slopes, its height is 15 cm. The shoots are covered with stiff hairs, the narrow foliage has soft pubescence. The plant has a high drought tolerance. Purple flowers bloom in May.

magnolia grandiflora

An evergreen tree grows up to 30 m. It has a thick trunk and a dense crown. The leathery leaves are pointed. Large white flowers are eye-catching. Magnolia blooms all summer and bears fruit in mid-autumn. Flowers and fruits contain a large number of essential oil. Today they are widely used in perfumery.

real lady's slipper

The Red Book perennial of the orchid family is found in the mountain belt, foothills and on the southern coast of Crimea. The length of the flowering stem is 60 cm, green leaves have an oval-lanceolate shape. The flower is shaped like a shoe, hence the name of the orchid. During the flowering period, the plant exudes a pleasant aroma, luring insects to it. Prefers shaded mixed forests and edges, rarely found in open areas. The main threat to the venus slipper population is the massive gathering for bouquets and digging up roots for transplanting into gardens.

Snowdrop folded

Perennial bulbous plant belongs to the Amaryllis family. It can be found on the edges of forests, among shrubs, in mountainous areas. The height of the snowdrop is 25 cm, dark green leaves are covered with a bluish bloom. The plant blooms in early spring, flowering lasts about a month. White single flowers exude a delicate aroma. At the end of spring, the foliage disappears until the next year, the vegetation continues in the underground part. The number of snowdrops has decreased significantly due to human economic and commercial activities.

Barberry ordinary

Branched and thorny shrub grows up to 1.5 m. Yellowish shoots acquire a gray tint with age. The leaves are located in the axils of the spines. In autumn, it becomes a rich red color, which gives the bush a decorative effect. Barberry blooms in May, the flowers are collected in a brush. Red berries of an elliptical shape ripen in September-October. Barberry is considered a medicinal plant. Preparations based on it have a choleretic, antispasmodic and diuretic effect. The wood is used to make handicrafts and souvenirs.

Yew berry

Coniferous tree is a relic of the Crimea. It is found in forests and on the slopes of mountains, very rarely forms small groves. The yew grows very slowly, the annual growth is only 2 cm. The life span of the tree is amazing, some individuals are 4000 years old. Yew is the only representative of conifers that does not have resin. However, the bark, needles and wood are very poisonous. The tree is recognizable by its conical crown, reddish-brown bark, and bright red seedlings. Wood has been in demand since ancient times, it is heavy, resilient and resistant to decay. Today, economic use is out of the question. All areas of the yew on Earth, including the Crimea, are reserved.

pistachio

The tree came to the island from . The life span can be 1000 years. The height of the pistachio reaches 8 m, it has a dense crown and ash-colored bark. The oval leaves are collected in a bunch, the flowers are inconspicuous. Fruits, spherical drupes, ripen at the end of summer. The plant is drought-resistant, tolerates highly saline soils, but needs intense lighting. Pistachio does not form independent plantations. In many fruits, the seeds simply do not ripen, which is why the tree does not reproduce well. The wood is very dense and heavy. The pistachio is listed in the Red Book, the limiting factors are human activity, cataclysms, unregulated recreation and erosion.

Walnut

The tree came to Crimea from Greece and gradually spread throughout the peninsula. Adult individuals reach a height of 30 m, the average life expectancy is up to 3-4 centuries. The walnut has a spreading crown with numerous branches. The girth of the trunk is 2 m. The walnut is distinguished by a powerful root system, which extends 20 m in different directions. The elongated leaves have a specific smell. The fruits are false drupes that contain one seed. Nuts ripen by early September. The wood has a beautiful pattern, so it is highly valued in the furniture industry.

cypress evergreen

The coniferous tree has a pyramidal shape. The height of the trunk is 30 m. The dark green needles have a pleasant aroma, small cones are covered with a pattern. Most of all, cypress is common on the southern coast of Crimea. Here he forms groves and alleys, actively participates in the formation of a healing climate. The tree reaches its maximum height at the age of 100 years. It tolerates drought and significant temperature drops well.

In Crimea, the flowering season is in full swing and many of us do not miss the opportunity to get out into nature.

We are all children of nature, and if we treat it with understanding and respect, it rewards us with its gifts.

But not everything is always so sweet and cloudless. Our mother sometimes has jumps, and those who do not respect her, she can seriously punish.

Today I want to scare you a little more 🙂

I won’t tell you terrible bedtime stories, but I’ll ask you to pay attention to the realities of life. Namely on dangerous plants, which we can meet almost throughout the peninsula.

I'll start, perhaps, with herbs (not to be confused with weed, today is not about her)

Opens our parade of grassy monsters - dope.

This plant, I think, is familiar to everyone with its beautiful white flowers.

But beauty can be deceiving. For the beautiful appearance hides the evil disposition of the plant.

Where does it grow

It grows almost everywhere: in yards, in fields and gardens, in landfills, along roads and on forest edges. Prefers damp places. Rarely grows singly, more often - thickets.

Blooms in June, in September - October begins to bear fruit.

What is dangerous

All parts of the plant are dangerous, but most of all its seeds, which are in prickly boxes.

Some time after ingestion of the plant, dilated pupils, dry mouth, headache, overexcitation, pulse quickens. In the future, hallucinations and a coma develop.

If the victim does not provide timely assistance, loss of consciousness occurs up to falling into a coma.

First aid

We wash the stomach with a solution of activated carbon or a weak solution of potassium permanganate. In their absence, plain water with induction of vomiting until the water is clear.

We give the victim strong tea, it has astringent properties that do not allow the poison to be quickly absorbed.

We deliver to a medical facility.

A plant about a meter high, the top of which is crowned with pale flowers with dark purple veins. When flowering, it emits a very unpleasant odor.

Where does it grow

Like Datura, it is well distributed. Grows in groups, preferring landfills.

It blooms in May - July, by the end of summer it is covered with fruits - boxes filled with small black seeds resembling poppy seeds.

What is dangerous

All parts of the plant are dangerous, but especially the seeds. A person who decides to try henbane receives a good dose of poison.

After 15 - 20 minutes, the pupils of the eyes dilate, the skin of the face turns red, dry mouth appears, nausea and convulsions. Later, hallucinations and seizures resembling rabies (profuse salivation) begin.

If a person does not provide timely assistance, then respiratory arrest is possible as a result of paralysis of the respiratory tract and death.

First aid

As a first aid in case of poisoning, immediate gastric lavage using a probe is mandatory (vomiting cannot be caused in the usual way). In extreme cases, give the victim a solution of activated charcoal and use diuretics to quickly remove the poison.

To bring down the temperature, we use analgin, amidopyrine and a wet wrap (preferably with ice).

In case of severe poisoning, after rendering first aid, we urgently deliver the victim to a medical facility.

Herbaceous plant up to two meters high, somewhat reminiscent of parsley or overgrown carrots. Has an unpleasant smell.

Where does it grow

Dense thickets of hemlock can often be found in wastelands, landfills and forest glades.

It blooms in May and by August - September throws out seeds similar to dill seeds.

What is dangerous

All parts of the plant from root to seed are dangerous.

In case of poisoning, nausea, salivation and burning in the mouth appear. The skin of the victim turns pale, the pupils dilate, the heartbeat quickens and convulsions appear.

If you do not provide timely assistance, general weakness develops, and with severe poisoning - paralysis.

First aid

In case of poisoning, we wash the stomach with a solution of potassium permanganate or warm water with the induction of vomiting, we give the victim several (up to 20) tablets of activated charcoal.

We give strong tea or tincture on oak bark to drink to reduce the absorption of poisons into the blood.

We also give as much water as possible to drink, diuretics and saline enemas (for example, magnesium sulfate).

Let's go to a medical facility.

Herbaceous plant with a branched stem up to two meters high, dirty purple flowers and black berries.

Compared to datura and henbane, a less common plant listed in the Red Book because of its medicinal properties. However, you have to be careful with her.

Where does it grow

It occurs in beech and oak forests, clearings, sometimes on the edges and along river banks.

Belladonna grows singly or in small groups.

What is dangerous

All parts of the plant are highly poisonous. Belladonna berries are a bit like cherries, so children are often poisoned with them. And although the berries taste sweet, their use causes severe poisoning.

After eating berries or any other part of the plant, dry mouth, burning sensation, and problems with swallowing appear.

Later, the heartbeat increases, the pupils dilate, the person becomes overexcited, speech becomes difficult, hallucinations, convulsions appear.

If timely medical care is not provided, respiratory paralysis may develop.

First aid

As in most poisonings, we first wash the stomach with dangerous plants and induce vomiting. To do this, use a solution of potassium permanganate, activated carbon or saline solution (3 teaspoons per glass of water)

To reduce absorption, we give strong tea or tincture on oak bark to drink.

When the temperature rises - analgin, wraps with a damp cloth, cold compresses on the head.

For respiratory problems - artificial ventilation lungs followed by hospitalization.

A herbaceous plant up to half a meter high, whose fruits resemble blueberries, but unlike blueberries, only one berry grows on a crow's eye bush.

The berry is surrounded by four long leaves, which is why it has a second name - cross-grass.

Where does it grow

It grows in shady moist forests, on the slopes of ravines, shaded edges and bushes. Prefers solitude.

Blossoms in May - June, the fruit ripens in July.

What is dangerous

All parts of the plant are dangerous.

Symptoms of poisoning include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and dizziness. In more serious cases, convulsions, respiratory disorders and heart function up to its complete stop, paralysis.

First aid

The worst thing about poisoning with the crow's eye is that laxatives and inducing vomiting are contraindicated.

In case of severe poisoning (more than 10 berries), immediate hospitalization is required.

A perennial herbaceous plant that attracts attention with bright blue flowers and rugged leaves similar to carrot leaves. But, despite the external attractiveness, the plant is deadly.

Where does it grow

You can meet him in deciduous forests, more often beech, in meadows and glades, along roads and on soils rich in humus.

Flowering in July-August, fruiting in September.

What is dangerous

The danger is the whole plant - from roots to pollen, even its smell can cause a headache and the initial symptoms of poisoning.

It is deposited in the tissues of the body, therefore it is possible to get poisoned even by the meat of animals that ate aconite.

Due to the fact that poisoning often occurs after using the plant as decoctions and teas, a feeling of numbness of the tongue and face occurs first.

The victim loses orientation in space, abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, convulsive muscle contractions appear, numbness gradually spreads to the whole body.

In severe poisoning, the result can be paralysis, respiratory and cardiac arrest.

First aid

We begin first aid with gastric lavage with an aqueous solution of tannin or plain water with induction of vomiting.

After washing, we give the victim activated charcoal and plenty of fluids (strong tea, coffee).

In case of arrhythmia, novocaine is injected subcutaneously, in case of respiratory failure - camphor solution.

We provide the victim with peace and warm when the body temperature drops.

Herbaceous plant up to 30 cm tall with large flowers of white, light pink or light purple hues.

Where does it grow

It grows in forest clearings, forest edges, mountain slopes, covering them with a bright carpet.

Flowering in August - September, fruiting in May - June.

During flowering, only a flower on a stem is above the ground, no leaves. Only after pollination does the flower wither, and only next spring large leaves with a pod-fruit appear from the ground.

What is dangerous

All parts of the plant are poisonous. Most often, poisoning occurs when colchicum bulbs and seeds are consumed, sometimes - the milk of domestic animals that have eaten its spring shoots.

In case of poisoning, general weakness, salivation, diarrhea, fever appear.

With severe poisoning - loss of consciousness, breathing problems.

First aid

First of all, we give the victim activated charcoal (up to 20 tablets), followed by gastric lavage with a solution of potassium permanganate.

After washing, we give more water, tea, milk and deliver to a medical facility.

Perennial herbaceous plant, up to a meter tall with beautiful, strongly lemon-scented flowers. Flowers are often pale pink with purple veins.

The leaves resemble those of the ash tree, hence its other name, the ash tree.

Where does it grow

Grows everywhere in forests, shrubs, glades, ravines, often singly.

Blooms in June-July, bears fruit in July-August.

What is dangerous

The main danger of the bush are essential oils secreted by the plant. These oils can cause severe chemical burns if inhaled, touched, or come into contact with the skin.

Burning bush is called because in hot weather the oils tend to ignite easily, and the plant itself does not suffer from this.

You won't feel anything right after the oils get on your skin, but after a while (from several hours to several days), itching appears, the skin turns red and blistered.

With a severe burn (after touching, picking off flowers), the blisters fill with liquid, and their edges become bright red. All this can be accompanied by headache and fever.

The blisters do not heal for a very long time, and after healing they leave scars on the skin in the form of age spots.

First aid

As a first aid, wash the affected areas well with soap and water.

If it was not possible to immediately notice the burn, and its consequences appeared after some time, gently lubricate the skin with an anti-burn ointment (for example, panthenol), preventing the blisters from bursting.

If it was not possible to avoid opening the blister, we treat the wound with hydrogen peroxide, lubricate with panthenol or levomikol and apply a sterile bandage. We repeat these steps daily.

hogweed

Another representative of herbaceous plants containing dangerous essential oils.

Outwardly, it resembles a giant dill with leaves similar to burdock leaves. It can reach a height of one and a half meters or more.

Where does it grow

It grows on rocky mountain slopes and has an unpleasant odor.

What is dangerous

The danger is the juice secreted by the plant during its damage.

In cloudy weather, we will not feel any troubles, but after the sun comes out, we will feel the whole “high” of communication with the hogweed.

The essential oils contained in the juice reduce the protection of the skin from ultraviolet radiation, therefore even a weak ray of sunlight will show the points of contact: a blister forms at this point.

First aid

As in the case of the burning bush, wash the affected area well with soap and water.

And as a result of today's article, I want to give one important advice:

Don't touch plants you don't know!

Even seemingly harmless flowers can be a threat, not to mention animals.

Respect nature. Anyone who feels like its rightful owner usually suffers from this.

Well, who does not care about other people's advice - his personal problem. I warned you!

Sincerely, Sergey Drozdov.

P. S. If you have any questions after reading the article, feel free to ask in the comments.

P. P. S. You can find the topics that will be revealed in the near future at.

Reading time: 5 min

Medicinal herbs and their uses traditional medicine. They help heal various diseases, especially for those who do not like to take chemical drugs for different reasons. But this does not mean that healing herbs can replace trips to the doctor and annual examinations of the body. In this article, we will consider the medicinal herbs of the Crimea, which grow on the peninsula, both in mountainous regions and in the steppe.

Thyme and its uses

Thyme aka Thyme

Thyme aka Thyme - grows in the Crimea, the Caucasus, Western Siberia begins to bloom in early summer (June, July). Thyme is a fragrant plant and constantly attracts many bees. In Crimea best place to collect it, how not to find it. The high mountain climate and the natural location of the plateau attract many herbalists and traditional healers to collect medicinal herbs on the Ai-Petri Yaila.

It is better to harvest this herb at the beginning of summer, since at this time there are a lot of essential oils in thyme and it is the most fragrant. Grass drying is carried out without exposure to sunlight, bundles are tied and hung top plants down.

Medicinal properties of thyme have been known since ancient times, it contains vitamins B and C, oleic and ursolic acids, gum, tannins.

Thyme is used in the food industry, medicine, and cosmetology. It is a good antiseptic and acts on the body as a disinfectant.

Thyme is used in folk medicine to treat various edema and pain, it is also used as a sedative for depression and neurasthenia. It also has a positive effect on coughs and bronchitis. A decoction of thyme helps to get rid of bad smell from mouth.

Thyme Recipes

Recipe #1. When coughing or bronchitis, you can mix 1 tablespoon of dry thyme with fresh aloe juice and honey. It is done in a 1:1 ratio.

Recipe #2. One tablespoon of thyme is poured into 400 ml of water and brought to a boil. Then you need to cool and strain. It is used three times a day for half a glass, with headaches, dysbacteriosis, overexertion of the body and loss of sleep.

Origanum vulgaris - this plant is also called Spirit color, Mother. The plant contains active substances, as essential oils, ascorbic acid, phenols and tannins. Oregano grows in the European part of Russia, in Western Siberia, in Central Asia. In Crimea, it is possible in mountainous and steppe regions, as well as on the Kerch Peninsula.

The collection of this plant is carried out from the end of June to August, in dry sunny weather. You can dry it in the attic so that the sun's rays do not fall, spreading the collection on paper, or hanging the formed bunches of the plant upside down. After drying, oregano retains a bitter-spicy and astringent taste.

In folk medicine, oregano is used for gastritis, eczema, acute respiratory diseases, periodontal disease and many other diseases.

Oregano Recipes

Recipe #1. You need to take one part of the dry herb of oregano, add one part of the leaves of the mother and stepmother and black elderberry. Pour boiling water over it all, cool and strain. Take 3 times a day for 1/2 cup half an hour before meals. Helps with respiratory diseases and colds.

Recipe number 2. For a therapeutic bath, you need to take 100 gr. dry herb oregano and pour 3 liters of boiling water. Then insist three hours and strain the broth. Next, you need to add to the bath with warm water oregano decoction. Baths are used for gynecological diseases, wound healing, diathesis, calming the nerves.

Schisandra Crimean (Zeleznica Crimean)

Schisandra Crimean, he is also Crimean iron and Tatar-tea.

Lemongrass or Crimean ironwort - grows in the Crimea, it is also often called Tatar-tea on the peninsula. Although if you go into history, then medicinal properties Lemongrass was also used by the Greeks, eating it. The herb got its name from its lemon smell.

On the peninsula, lemongrass mainly grows in mountainous parts; it can often be seen on the Ai-Petri, Demerdzhi, plateau. Crimean lemongrass blooms all summer from June to August, at which time its collection begins.

The healing properties of lemongrass are generally known to all residents of the southern coast of Crimea, therefore they use it as a wonderful tea in winter. It also boosts immunity, fights bronchitis and respiratory diseases. Good for healing wounds, tumors and bruises. The plant contains essential oils, vitamin C, flavonoids, organic acids, fatty oils.

When brewing tea from Crimean lemongrass - take a tablespoon of flowers or leaves, brew them with boiling water, leave for about 10 minutes, after which you can add a little honey. Some gourmets drink this tea with Kalamata black olives, feta cheese and crispy bread.

Salvia officinalis or Salvia is a herbaceous plant of the Lamiaceae family. Blooms from late May to August. In the Crimea, the plant is rarely found in the wild, it is mainly cultivated. Because the peninsula is well suited for sage officinalis in not very cold winters. It also tolerates drought well, and does not like excess moisture in the soil.

Harvesting sage leaves begins during the flowering period of the plant and continues until the end of August. After that, the collection is dried in well-ventilated rooms.

The leaves of this plant contain organic acids (ursolic, olenolic), vitamins P and PP, flavonoids, alkaloids, essential oils.

In folk medicine, sage is used for atherosclerosis, sciatica, tonsillitis, and polyarthritis. Also used in the treatment of purulent wounds, gastrointestinal infections, gastritis and kidney disease.

Sage Recipes

Recipe #1. Take one tablespoon of dry crushed sage leaves and pour one glass of milk and cook in an enamel bowl over low heat for 5 minutes. After that, the broth must be filtered and boiled again for 5 minutes. Drink at night before bed. The recipe is used for coughing.

With the addition of sage, many different dishes are prepared, for example, Italians serve warmed sage leaves in butter as a sauce for pasta.

Spring Adonis, aka Spring Adonis, Yellow Thousand, got its name from the ancient Greek god Adonis. It grows in the steppe and foothill regions of the Crimea. Adonis is harvested for medicinal purposes when flowering begins from April to June. Dry in the shade and attics so that the sun's rays do not fall.

The composition of Adonis officinalis includes adonylic acid, quinones, glycosides, coumarins.

You also need to understand that adonis is a potent drug and should be kept away from children, in glass jars or multilayer paper bags.

Adonis spring is used in medicine as a heart remedy and is available in pharmacology as the drug Adonisid in the form of a tincture, as well as in tablets.

Recipe for joint disease

Take one tablespoon of chopped dry herb Adonis spring, pour boiling water and leave for half an hour, after which you need to strain. Taken 1 teaspoon, 3 times a day.

Medicinal herbs and their use - refers to folk medicine. They help treat various diseases, especially for those who do not like to take chemicals for various reasons. But this does not mean that medicinal herbs can replace trips to the doctor and annual examinations of the body. In this article, we will consider the medicinal herbs of the Crimea, which grow on the peninsula, both in mountainous regions and in the steppe.

Thyme and its uses

Thyme aka Thyme

Thyme aka Thyme - grows in the Crimea, the Caucasus, Western Siberia begins to bloom in early summer (June, July). Thyme is a fragrant plant and constantly attracts many bees. In Crimea, there is no better place to collect it than the Ai-Petrinsky plateau. The high mountain climate and the natural location of the plateau attract many herbalists and traditional healers to collect medicinal herbs on the Ai-Petri Yaila.

It is better to harvest this herb at the beginning of summer, since at this time there are a lot of essential oils in thyme and it is the most fragrant. Drying of the grass is carried out without exposure to sunlight, the bundles are tied and hung upside down from the top of the plant.

Medicinal properties of thyme have been known since ancient times, it contains vitamins B and C, oleic and ursolic acids, gum, tannins.

Thyme is used in the food industry, medicine, and cosmetology. It is a good antiseptic and acts on the body as a disinfectant.

Thyme Recipes

Recipe #1. When coughing or bronchitis, you can mix 1 tablespoon of dry thyme with fresh aloe juice and honey. It is done in a 1:1 ratio.

In folk medicine, oregano is used for gastritis, eczema, acute respiratory diseases, periodontal disease and many other diseases.

Oregano Recipes

Recipe number 2. For a therapeutic bath, you need to take 100 gr. dry herb oregano and pour 3 liters of boiling water. Then insist three hours and strain the broth. Next, you need to add a decoction of oregano to the bath with warm water. Baths are used for gynecological diseases, wound healing, diathesis, calming the nerves.

Schisandra Crimean (Zeleznica Crimean)

Schisandra Crimean, he is also Crimean iron and Tatar-tea.

Lemongrass or Crimean ironwort - grows in the Crimea, it is also often called Tatar-tea on the peninsula. Although if you go into history, the Greeks used the healing properties of lemongrass by eating it. The herb got its name from its lemon smell.

On the peninsula, lemongrass mainly grows in mountainous parts; it can often be seen on the Ai-Petri, Demerdzhi, Chatyr-Dag plateaus. Crimean lemongrass blooms all summer from June to August, at which time its collection begins.

Salvia officinalis or Salvia is a herbaceous plant of the Lamiaceae family. Blooms from late May to August. In the Crimea, the plant is rarely found in the wild, it is mainly cultivated. Because the climate of the peninsula is well suited for sage officinalis in not very cold winters. It also tolerates drought well, and does not like excess moisture in the soil.

Harvesting sage leaves begins during the flowering period of the plant and continues until the end of August. After that, the collection is dried in well-ventilated rooms.

The leaves of this plant contain organic acids (ursolic, olenolic), vitamins P and PP, flavonoids, alkaloids, essential oils.

In folk medicine, sage is used for atherosclerosis, sciatica, tonsillitis, and polyarthritis. Also used in the treatment of purulent wounds, gastrointestinal infections, gastritis and kidney disease.

Sage Recipes

With the addition of sage, many different dishes are prepared, for example, Italians serve warmed sage leaves in butter as a sauce for pasta.

The composition of Adonis officinalis includes adonylic acid, quinones, glycosides, coumarins.

You also need to understand that adonis is a potent drug and should be kept away from children, in glass jars or multilayer paper bags.

Adonis spring is used in medicine as a heart remedy and is available in pharmacology as the drug Adonisid in the form of a tincture, as well as in tablets.

Recipe for joint disease:

Take one tablespoon of chopped dry herb Adonis spring, pour boiling water and leave for half an hour, after which you need to strain. Taken 1 teaspoon, 3 times a day.