Presentation on the theme of the memory of the victims of the Holocaust. The Holocaust - Remember or Forget? The origin of anti-Semitism in Germany. The Holocaust (from the Greek. Holocaust "burnt offering") - the designation of the mass murder of Jews, - presentation. What is a ghetto
The origin of anti-Semitism in Germany. The Holocaust (from Greek Holocaust "burnt offering") - the designation of the massacres of Jews, Gypsies, Slavs in the years. fascists.
"The Holocaust is a tip on the arrow of anti-Semitism, carved for centuries..." (L. Koval).
"Anti-Semitism is the international language of the fascists" (I. Ehrenburg).
Judophobia - literally "fear of the Jew" - intolerance towards Jews, a synonym for anti-Semitism.
“Since the Jewish people are not capable of productive activity, they were unable to create a state on their own territory .... By the end of the 19th century, the Jews had practically completed the economic conquest of Europe, and now they began to exercise political control over it. The first attempts in this direction were manifested in the intention to eradicate the intelligentsia of other peoples with the help of revolutionary upheavals. Jewry's merciless struggle for power is going on in our time in Germany. However, the National Socialist movement unraveled the plans of the Jews and opposed them. Our National Socialist Party is the only force in the world that has taken upon itself this fight against vile and criminal plans against humanity.”
Law for the Protection of German Blood and the German Race of September 15, 1935 Marriages between Jews and state subjects of German or kindred blood are prohibited. 2. Sexual connection between Jews and state subjects of German or kindred blood is prohibited. 3. Jews are forbidden to hire women in their homes - state subjects of German or kindred blood, who have not reached the age of 45. Jews are allowed to wear clothes of Jewish colors. This right is protected by the state.
FIRST EXPLANATION TO THE REICH CITIZENSHIP LAW OF NOVEMBER 14, 1935 4.1. A Jew cannot be a citizen of the Reich. He does not have the right to vote in political matters, cannot hold positions in public institutions Jewish officials will be fired before December 31, 1935 Jewish ancestors.
Then some Jews perished. More than 30,000 Jews were then sent to concentration camps.
There are no monuments above Babi Yar. A steep cliff, like a rough tombstone. I'm scared. Today I am as old as the Jewish people themselves. I think Dreyfus is me. Philistinism is my informer and judge. I'm behind bars. I got into the ring. Hounded, spat on, slandered. And the Brussels-frilled ladies, Squealing, poked my face with their umbrellas. It seems to me that I am a boy in Bialystok. Blood pours, spreading across the floors. The leaders of the tavern stand are outrageous And they smell of vodka and onions in half. I, thrown off by a boot, am powerless. In vain I pray to the pogromists. Under the cackle: "Beat the Jews, save Russia!" - The meadowsweet rapes my mother. Oh, my Russian people! - I know - you are essentially international. But often those whose hands are unclean have rattled Your purest name. I know the goodness of your land. How vile that, without flinching, the Anti-Semites pompously called themselves the "Union of the Russian people"! It seems to me - Above Babi Yar, the rustle of wild herbs. The trees look menacingly, like a judge. Everything is silently screaming here, and, taking off my hat, I feel how I am slowly turning gray. And I myself, like a continuous soundless cry, Above the thousands of thousands buried. I am every shot old man here. I am every shot child here. Nothing in me will forget about it! Let the "International" thunder, When the last anti-Semite on earth will be buried forever. There is no Jewish blood in my blood. But I am hated by hardened malice to all anti-Semites, like a Jew, And therefore - I am a real Russian!
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Donetsk People's Republic Department of Education Administration of the City of Donetsk Donetsk Comprehensive school 1-3 steps No. 53 of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Donetsk People's Republic Holocaust Donetsk 2016 Sokol Maria Kaluga Yaroslav
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Get up soon, child, don't lie on the road, Even if it's a sunny, warm, probably day. Get up, step back and sit down on the threshold, Passing to death there was a step. Who are you boy? Jew, Belarusian, Ukrainian? The ghetto will take anyone's body into itself. There, in heaven, a gift is prepared for you, Do not rush, a quiet voice will call you. What did you see in the moments of your last life - White tablecloth, sweet cheesecake paradise? Memory requires, requires remembering the feast of All children taken away to a stinking barn.
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The Holocaust (from the English Holocaust "burnt offering") is the persecution and extermination by German Nazis and collaborators from other countries of the Jewish people and numerous representatives of other minorities who were subjected to discrimination, atrocities and brutal murders.
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Victims of the Holocaust Shoah - the catastrophe of the Jewish people Shoah (Hebrew - disaster, catastrophe) is a term used by Jews in Hebrew and less often in some other languages to refer to the policy of the German Nazis for the systematic destruction of the Jewish ethnic group. A deliberate attempt to exterminate an entire nation, including men, women and children, resulting in the destruction of 60% of the Jews of Europe and about a third of the Jewish population of the world. In addition, from a quarter to a third of the gypsy people were also destroyed, black citizens of Germany were also subjected to total extermination, about 3 million Soviet prisoners of war were killed mentally ill and disabled.
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On January 30, 1933, Hitler became Chancellor. On June 15, 1938, about one and a half thousand Jews were first imprisoned in concentration camps. By order of Heinrich Himmler on April 27, 1940, the Auschwitz concentration camp was created. On June 14, 1940, the first transport was brought here - 728 Poles. On the territory of Poland, the Czech Republic, Latvia and other Eastern European countries, there were also camps Majdanek, Salaspils and many others. There were about 14,000 concentration camps. The tightening of measures directed against the Jews became less urgent during periods of internal struggle in Nazi Party and holding Olympic Games in Berlin. The events developed more rapidly after that. The peak of persecution fell on the all-German pogrom that took place at the end of the same year, known as Kristallnacht, the annexation of Austria and the division of Czechoslovakia.
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The second stage of the Holocaust - September 1939 - June 1941. It begins with the division of Poland, the creation of ghettos and concentration camps on its territory, and the prohibition of emigration. It was then that distinctive signs appeared on the clothes of the Jews. It is no coincidence that in July 1940 the German Foreign Ministry rejected a plan to resettle 4 million Jews in Europe to Madagascar - the "final solution of the Jewish question" was approaching. In less than two years, the Germans captured Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, France, Yugoslavia and Greece. The persecution of Jews intensified in Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Croatia, Bulgaria, North Africa and Italy. Every concentration camp prisoner had such numbers.
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The time frame for the third stage is June 1941 - autumn 1943. The preparation of the war with the USSR required the development of a plan for the mass destruction of "undesirable elements". The Jews were subject to destruction in the first place, as "carriers of Bolshevism." Responsibility for the implementation of the plans was assigned to the Reichsführer SS G. Himmler, who acted through the RSHA, headed by R. Heydrich, and after his assassination in 1942 - E. Kaltenbrunner. Planning was concentrated in the Gestapo - IV department of the RSHA, where a department for Jewish affairs (IV B4) was created, headed by A. Eichmann.
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fourth and final stage The Holocaust occurred during the period when the defeat of Germany became inevitable - the winter of 1943 - May 1945. In 1943, trying to maneuver, Himmler ordered the use of the labor of the surviving Jews in the interests of waging war. He later offered to release some of them in exchange for political concessions, including the possibility of negotiating a separate peace with the West, or for a ransom. The advance of Soviet troops to the west forced the SS men to liquidate the last ghettos and camps and begin to cover up the traces of their crimes.
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In official documents, the German authorities and the leadership of the National Socialist Party, who in public called a spade a spade, observed the rules of allegory and euphemisms adopted in diplomatic practice. The protocol of the Wannsee Conference of 1942 does not contain the terms "exile", "extermination", "forced labor", "death from exhaustion". The massacre of the Jews is indicated in it and in the decisions, orders and instructions based on it with the words “resettlement”, “evacuation to the East”, “final solution of the Jewish question”, “use at work”, “natural screening”. This was very useful to the Nazis later - at the trials of war criminals.
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Holocaust in the USSR About three million - half of all victims of the Holocaust - were citizens of the USSR.
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The Nuremberg trials After the war, those responsible for the crimes committed during the Holocaust were put on trial. The German city of Nuremberg was chosen as the venue for the trials. Hearings in the case of twenty-two major Nazi criminals were conducted by Allied judges - Great Britain, France, the USSR and the USA. Twelve defendants were sentenced to death.
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By the beginning of the war, the number of concentration camp prisoners amounted to 25 thousand people, by March 1942 it had grown to 100 thousand, and in 1944, when camps for Hungarian Jews were created in Austria, it reached a million. The number of guards was 45 thousand people, including 35 thousand SS men from the "Dead Head" units. The rest of the contingent was made up of employees of auxiliary units - Ukrainians, Lithuanians, etc. The camps were a major economic mechanism - the profit from the labor of prisoners, amounting to hundreds of millions of Reichsmarks, was one of the main sources of income for the SS. Concentration camp prisoners formed 40% of the workforce of the I. G. Farbenindustry, Krupp, Thyssen, Flick and Siemens. The maintenance of a prisoner cost 70 pfennigs a day, the profit was six marks. For the nine months that a prisoner survived on average in concentration camps (not counting the death camps), he brought 1631 Reichsmarks to the SS. And this is without taking into account the income from industrial use corpses and the value of property confiscated prior to imprisonment!
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One of the most effective tools of the Holocaust was the Einsatzgruppen, which carried out massacres of Jews, Gypsies, prisoners of war and civilians. The first of these special forces were created on the eve of the Anschluss of Austria. Before the invasion of Poland, six Einsatzgruppen were formed. Before the attack on the USSR - four. Einsatzgruppe "A" consisted of about 1 thousand soldiers and officers of the SS under the command of SS Standartenführer Dr. F. W. Stolecker. Einsatzgruppe "B" - 655 people under the command of SS Brigadeführer and Police General A. Neve. Einsatzgruppe "C" - 600 SS men under the command of Standartenführer E. O. Rasch. Einsatzgruppe "D" - 600 people under the command of SS Standartenführer Professor O. Ohlendorf.
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By the spring of 1943, the Einsatzgruppen, with the active assistance of local police units, had killed 1,250,000 Jews, hundreds of thousands of Poles, Gypsies, and representatives of other nationalities on the territory of the USSR. When in 1943 the Nazi authorities began to carry out a program to cover up the traces of their crimes, for this they had to allocate a special Sonderkommando 1005, which organized the burning of corpses in places of mass executions. According to the census data, on July 16, 1933, 503.9 thousand Jews lived in Germany. By the middle of 1943, Germany was declared "cleansed of Jews", "Judenrhein", although on September 1, 1944, 14,574 Jews lived in the country who were not imprisoned in camps. The number of Jews killed in Germany and perished there as a result of persecution is estimated at 160-180 thousand.
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By March 13, 1938, when Germany carried out the Anschluss by annexing Austria, the Jewish population of this country was 181,778 thousand people (according to the Nuremberg Laws - about 220 thousand). The number of Austrian Jews who died during the disaster is estimated at 70,000. The victims of the Shoah are 6 million Jews in Europe. This number figured in the hearings at the Nuremberg trials. However, there is no complete list of victims by name. By the end of the war, the Nazis were even destroying traces of the death camps; evidence has been preserved of the removal or destruction of the already buried remains of people before the arrival of Soviet troops. The National Holocaust (Shoah) and Heroic Memorial "Yad Vashem" in Jerusalem houses personal documents testifying to approximately 3 million victims.
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In some cases, high-ranking Germans used their capabilities to help the Jews. Of these saviors, the most famous is Oskar Schindler, a German businessman who saved more than a thousand Jews from the Plaszow camp by arranging them to work in his factory. Among the "Righteous of the World" there are diplomats and civil officials. Among the most famous are Aristides Sousa Mendes (Portugal), Chiune Sugihara (Japan) and Paul Gruninger (Switzerland), who risked their careers to save the Jews. The Chinese consul general in Vienna, He Fengshan, issued thousands of visas to the Jews for Singapore and other countries. An employee of the Iranian embassy in Paris, Abdul-Hussein Sadri, also rescued Jews in Nazi-occupied Paris, issuing them about three thousand Iranian visas. As of January 1, 2010, according to the Yad Vashem Institute, 23,226 saviors have been identified, who have been awarded the honorary title of Righteous Among the Nations.
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The Holocaust in our region (Donetsk region) “... at the end of February 1942, a representative of the Gestapo Halderberg came from Berlin to the “SD” ... it was decided to create a “ghetto” Jewish community in a certain place, where the entire Jewish population should be resettled, including children and old people. The White Quarry was chosen as the place of the ghetto ... ”- from the protocol of interrogation by A.A. Eichmann dated April 28, 1946.
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The monument is located in the Leninsky district of Donetsk, in the area that used to be called the White Quarry. On the territory of the White Quarry during the Great Patriotic War there was a Jewish ghetto, it contained 3 thousand Jewish families, all of them were killed by the Nazis. The initiative to create the monument came from the "Ukraine-Israel" society. The authors of the monument are sculptor Yuri Ivanovich Baldin and architect Pavel Isaakovich Vigdergauz. “Here, in the White Quarry, during the Nazi occupation, there was a Jewish ghetto. From here began the last mournful journey to the mine shafts of 4-4-bis thousand Jews - old people and children, men and women. Eternal memory to those who died innocently at the hands of the Nazis. Steps lead to the monument on which prints of different legs are made: shod and barefoot. Funds for the construction of the monument were collected through donations.
holocaust
THREE NAMES
THREE FACETS OF TRAGEDY
Slide 7 - vocabulary
Slide 8 - vocabulary
Slide 10 - the history of the disasters of the Jewish people
Slide 11 - vocabulary
Slide 12 - chronology of destruction
Slide 16 - vocabulary
Slide 17 - vocabulary
Slide 19 - Fascist decrees on the "solution of the Jewish question"
Slide 20 - vocabulary
Slide 24 - the struggle of the Jews against the Nazis
Slide 25 - ghetto uprisings
Slide 29 - pictures
slide 30 questions
To the audience
It is impossible to understand the causes of the modern genocide, comprehend world history in the 20th century, and stop the resurgent fascism without knowing the history of the Holocaust. There is no place for the Holocaust in the course of studying world and national history in the school curriculum. Therefore, we, understanding the relevance of the problem, its moral meaning and educational tasks, decided to consider this issue at least within the framework of the project. The tragedy of the Holocaust is not only part of Jewish history; this is part
world history. Talking about the Holocaust that befell the Jewish people during the Second World War is also talking about the problems of modern civilization, about its illnesses, about the danger that threatens it.
Hebrew bitterness – Shoah , Catastrophe. The catastrophe that befell the Jews. Far from the first in a series of deaths that have awaited them since biblical times. Is it the last one?...
Nazi pal-chesky secret writing - Endlosung , final decision. The final for the Jews is a deletion from the register of the living. The final for the Germans - perpetuation "master race". The final thing for the world is the transformation of all other peoples that make it up into a hierarchy of pariahs ...
And, finally, received a planetary residence permit Holocaust - burnt offering: a crematorium for the living ... A pagan sacrificial rite returned to the new European civilization on the verge of breaking it progressive imperative. Ashes that remind people of their indestructible "beginnings" and their non-excluded (in the near future) end .
What gave rise to and justified the Holocaust?
antisemitism Martin Luther is often attributed to his personal weakness or mental confusion that he suffered in last years life. This is incorrect for two reasons. First, from the very beginning he was a supporter hate. Second, anti-Semitism is built into his very theology. Luther despised the Jews of the Bible as much as he did the Jews of his day. His theology justified and engendered Holocaust . "Theologian of the Holocaust" - such a definition Luther fully deserved.
The world of the Holocaust... This is yesterday ...? Or also tomorrow ...? We could say more: the world of Kampuchea, the world of Karabakh, the world of Sarajevo…. Why has man's killing of man regained such gigantic power? To understand this, you need to know the history of the Holocaust, the history of the Jewish people, their torments and their destruction...
Genocide... What is it - an atavism that has escaped from somewhere in the depths of human beings, or a neoplasm, a malignant tumor of the soul of modern man? Inside the genocide is a problem that we still do not understand. It just so happened in history that only the murder, only the death of hundreds and thousands of innocent people make us think about problems, the solutions of which we do not yet know.
Is it possible that this terrible gene will remain in the blood, in the brain of our children and grandchildren - Genocide ?!
How is one to understand an atrocity whose banality contrasts so strikingly with its dimensions? Perhaps one needs to go one step further to see systematic murder obsession final answer to the question that man has been asking himself for more than one millennium: Who am I? »
Yes, you may remind me that the Holocaust has a definite chronology and a fairly well-defined space. And one could agree with this if it was 1945 outside the window, when the conviction in the impossibility of repetition was still alive in people. But today, in a world shaking with explosions and changes, who dares to eliminate the danger new Catastrophes of destruction of mankind from within? No matter how sacredly this man may believe in impossibility the revival of the universal nightmare of the swastika, he will not get confidence do it.
Speaking of phenomena like the Holocaust, it is perhaps not even necessary to use the word tragedy . Classic tragedy, accompanied by catharsis-purification already gone from our world. After what we do, more than repentance is required!
Maybe it's blasphemous, but a simple word comes to mind experience . Do millions of people have to die in order for the next generations to acquire the necessary experience ?! And yet, I have no other word ...
Experience .…This is a meeting with alive dead. They exist, they are among us, they walk this earth with us. They died back then, having ended up in the ghetto during the war. Dozens of years have passed since then, but they miraculously survived, still hear sounds feel smells , see ghetto colors .…
And who knows what weighs more on the scales of the soul - irretrievable losses or this terrible experience. But perhaps, God willing, it is he who will wean us from the habitual thought that what is done today can be corrected tomorrow. God willing, we will understand that the trial and error method has sunk into oblivion forever, since the price of this method is human a life!
Why was the nightmare not averted?
For an explanation, we again and again turn to the phenomenon of Nazism. And not only to what he brought to human life, not only to his origin, but also to the question of how and why this phenomenon was allowed, why it grew so magnificently, embracing almost an entire continent, why they followed it millions of people? Social despair, feelings of woundedness crystallized into an offended national feeling. Shift in human soul and reason turned out to be sufficient for the formation of a new human breed, which can be conditionally called SS .
However, people of this breed organically need Leader, Fuhrer!
And the contender for this role was safely found! Adolf Schicklgruber... Hitler!... Economic depression, extreme nationalism as a reaction to the defeat in the First World War, unrest, disillusionment with democracy aroused fierce anti-Semitism in many Germans. Taking advantage of the general dissatisfaction with economic difficulties, Hitler asserted a racist theory, openly speaking out against the Jews. The Jews were accused of the defeat of Germany, of spreading communist ideas, of seeking to destroy democratic regimes in Europe.
What else made the Holocaust possible? In the book of Mark Eidelman, one of the leaders of the Warsaw Ghetto uprising, a strikingly vivid case is described. When the trains that took Jews to their deaths began to return empty, the Polish underground Jews reported to London about what had happened. In response, no sound. And the point here is not only and not so much in the lack of resources and the presence of self-interest, but, above all, in disbelief . The person was not prepared to accept such ! What is there to say about London! The ghetto prisoners themselves did not believe the terrible truth!
However, the Jews were not at all going to humbly, like a herd of cattle, go to the slaughter!...
“We will not be led like sheep to the slaughter! It is true that we are weak and defenseless, but resistance should be the only answer to the enemy!
Brothers! It is better to die as free fighters than to survive at the mercy of assassins!
Resist! Till the last breath!"
The most massive, longest and most desperate was the uprising that began in April 1943 in the Warsaw ghetto.
The Polish-Jewish historian Ben Mark wrote: "Many wars of liberation carried the germ of inevitable defeat, but none of them bore the stamp of such a deep tragedy as the last fighting impulse of the remnants of the inhabitants Warsaw ghetto that flared up on the grave of their neighbors, without a rear, almost without weapons, without an insignificant chance of victory. October 2, 1940 In the 1990s, the German military authorities allocated part of the city for the Jewish ghetto and imprisoned all the Jewish residents of Warsaw and its immediate environs. AT July 1942 mass deportations to Treblinka began.
Before September 13, 1942 about 300,000 Jews were deported or died in the ghetto. January 18, 1943 The second action of the deportation of Jews began. The Jewish underground offered open armed resistance to the Germans. Street fighting continued for three days. The Germans managed to send only 6 thousand people to Treblinka. About 1600 were killed in the ghetto itself.
Memory of the victims of the Holocaust
The words of the song to the melody "Tum - balalaika", which shared with our Jewish people both joys and troubles, were recorded from the voice of the February blizzard, circling in the blue twilight outside the windows of the Minsk hotel "Olympic", towering on Masherov Avenue, not far from the square Anniversary, which during the years of the Nazi occupation of the city was part of the Minsk ghetto, was called Judenplatz and absorbed then a lot of Jewish tears and blood.
In 1968, the poet and bard A. Galich wrote a song about the grief, pain and horrors of the Jewish ghetto.
Once, in one of the concerts, A. Galich, anticipating this song, said this: “... I was told that the favorite melody of the camp authorities in Auschwitz, the melody to which they sent the next batch of the doomed to death, was the song “Tum- balalaika ", which was performed by the orchestra of prisoners .."
And the hall stood up!
The Holocaust... This is not a Jewish, this is a Russian question. For decades in our native multinational Russia, this was a closed topic. The facts were known to many but … Silent memory is a bad ally. You can't rely on her. She cannot be appealed to. As terrible as this truth is, it needs to be told. To find the strength in oneself to overcome the terrible thing that a person found in himself. So that our children and our grandchildren do not come face to face with horror and shame of the Holocaust .
- MEMORY AND WARNING
- Lebedyansky municipal district
- Lipetsk region
- What is the measure of human
- in a person?
- Educational:
- To develop tolerance and respect for the people around you.
- Education of historical and cultural memory.
- Education of the priority of life values on the basis of moral ideals: humanism, freedom, duty, conscience, honor.
- Informative:
- Preservation of the historical memory of the victims of the Second World War.
- Awareness of the value of human life, not only one's own, but also that of another person.
- Recognition of the need to regulate relations between people and nations by international law.
- Demonstration of the inhumanity of the ideology and policies of the Nazi regime based on racism and anti-Semitism
- To prevent the spread of neo-fascism among the younger generation.
- Recognize universal human values as a priority in public relations.
- Holocaust - "burnt offering".
- In Russian, the term "Holocaust" also means any act genocide, not necessarily just for Jews.
- A deliberate attempt to completely exterminate an entire nation. T-4 killing program
- the destruction of 60% of the Jews of Europe and about a third of the Jewish population of the world;
- from a quarter to a third of the gypsy people;
- the losses of the Poles amounted to 10%;
- about 3 million Soviet prisoners of war died;
- black citizens of Germany, the mentally ill and the disabled were subjected to total extermination.
- Chelmno, Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka, Auschwitz, Majdanek.
- Holocaust victims testify
- Children of the Holocaust Testify
- The war threw me and sister Marochka out on the street. Dad has already been killed in a pogrom, mom is far away in a concentration camp. Parental home - a recent fairy tale - stands as it was.
- But there are Germans. And we, holding hands, wander and wander through the streets of Nemirov - two hungry hunted girls. I am six, Marochka is ten. We dare not approach a single gate or a single window. It was at such a time (the summer of the forty-second year) that these “poems” were born. And I did not change a single word in them, not only because the "author" is six years old...
- A homeless cat is crying, but who can hear it? And mice live in warm burrows in a completely different way. And the wind burrowed under the roof and sleeps on the straw. He is at home. And I remember the house, and so I want tea. And so that the rain ends soon: it's cold under the fence. She pulled the bag over her shoulders, but it was wet, and the evening had just begun. I'll probably die in the morning. I thought dying was hard .
- Alla Aizensharf.
- It sounds beautiful - Buchenwald, * The mountain and the valley are covered with forest, But what is it that fogs my eyes? In the eyes - a bloody veil. Death hovered here for eight years, On rags - solid brands, And it is impossible to see What is down there - magical Weimar. There - Goethe wrote "Faust", Here - the flame of death raged There - "People die for metal", Here - people die from metal.
- There - Wieland, Schiller, Herder, Bach, There - Cranach, fabulous and bright. Here - machine guns on poles And graze fierce shepherd dogs. There lived the great Franz Liszt, who glorified freedom with music. Here - they hit a rusty sheet with a sledgehammer, Driving people to work.
- There - the graceful Belvedere, There - the spirit of the arts is healthy and ardent. And here - a fascist officer With a grin aims at the back of the head. There - the Muses went to the parade, Here - everywhere there is a statue of death. Sounds nice - Buchenwald?! What a terrible name!
- PEOPLE OF THE WORLD,
- STAND UP FOR A MINUTE!!!
- After the Second World War in German
- the city of Nuremberg held a judicial
- trial of top military
- Nazi criminals. For the first time in
- Human history military
- crimes against humans were
- called crimes against
- humanity. The process continued
- almost a year, from November 20, 1945 to 1
- October 1946. Nazi
- criminals were accused of unleashing
- World War II, extermination
- million innocent people
- killing of prisoners of war and civilians
- population, in the creation of concentration camps and cruel
- treatment of prisoners of war and many
- other crimes.
- They were accused of genocide, especially against
- Jewish population and Slavic.
- Nearly all the defendants were admitted
- guilty and sentenced to various kinds
- punishment.
- The main prosecutor from the USSR R.A. Rudenko
- "Babi Yar", Anatoly Kuznetsov "Without Destiny", Imre Kertes "Spark of Life", Erich Maria Remarque "Boy in Striped Pajamas", John Boyne "Pianist. Warsaw Diaries 1939-1945", Vladislav Szpilman "Schindler's List", Thomas Kenally "Asylum. A Diary in Letters", Anne Frank "The Holocaust", Gerald Green "The Reader", Bernhard Schlink "Jacob the Liar", Jurek Becker
- "Over the memory of these troubled years"
- It costs another six millionth groan.
- Sometimes oblivion. But it's not there, it's not there.
- And in silence float only groans, groans, groans.
- Every day, the Yad Vashem Holocaust Memorial Museum welcomes up to 8,000 visitors. They leave, taking with them an indelible impression.
- YAD VASHEM (Disaster Museum)
- Tolkachev Zinovy Shenderovich (1903 -1977)
- The albums "Majdanek" and "Flowers of Auschwitz" on behalf of the Polish government were sent to the heads of the four great powers of the anti-Hitler coalition, the ministers of the allied states, and military leaders.
- Visited the Auschwitz-Birkenau Museum
- From the interview “…Here is the Auschwitz Museum. Those gates. As soon as I began to drive up to this place - I experienced shock, horror ... In the same place, touch any stone - it will respond with pain.
- Working on this cycle meant overcoming a huge internal resistance. After all, writing about suffering means suffering yourself. But the topic was already born against my will ... "
- Is it possible to repeat something like this?
- Is it possible to look at today's world through the prism of the Holocaust? Whether it is necessary?
- Maybe we will never be able to understand what the Holocaust was in reality, but this limitation or deficiency cannot free us from a sense of moral responsibility. Our commitment is not to answer, but to keep trying to answer.
- The lessons of the past, alas, are forgotten today. We have a problem in Russia intolerance in recent years has become very serious. Have you heard about skinheads who kill innocent people just because that they did not like the color of the skin or the shape of the eyes. Not like theirs. It's called xenophobia.
- Necessary!
- To recognize the disease in time!
- You have to learn to resist this.
- On November 16, the world celebrates World Day tolerance.
- And today the world is again sitting on a powder keg, and it costs nothing light the wick. Who will be called the enemy now? Plague vaccination nationalism can be only one - the education of tolerance.
- What is tolerance?
- Tolerance (from Latin tolerantia - patience) is manifested in tolerance for strangers opinions, beliefs, behavior. Tolerance is a moral quality of a person or a state of social mores, characterized by restraint. moral assessments, a non-aggressive way of perceiving moral and social evil, the desire to take into account the interests of other people and peoples.
- Clouds roam over the planet Like captives in captivity. In the stuffy air, heated, I hear the sounds of pain. These are the souls of the Holocaust, Whose scattered bones, What were left without a churchyard, Moaning, asking to visit us. They ask to be warmed, And washed and clothed, And betrayed their native land, And whispered a prayer. And somewhere in the expanse of the sky, the shadows of the ghetto quietly roam, Like stars in the sky, Only the rabbi is not with them. Quietly, casually and simply, The souls of the Holocaust roam... July 2007
- I found the answer for myself. This measure is HUMAN MEMORY, which says:
- Man is the measure of all things. Protagoras reminds each of us:
- How much can one say about how a person should be. It's time to become one! Marcus Aurelius
- makes us:
- To be human means to feel that you are responsible for everything. Saint Exupery
- conjures us:
- Man must be holy to man. Seneca
- The Holocaust is unthinkable, a millionfold
- compressed horror. About him it is necessary to write natural, cutting ear and soul,
- grasping the heart and
- etched in memory, language.
- "Buchenwald", Mark Lutsky (http://www.poezia.ru/article.php?sid=61353)
- World Holocaust Forum ( http://www.worldholocaustforum.org/rus/history/5/)
- "The Souls of the Holocaust" Anatoly Zusman (http://emigrantforum.ru/archive/index.php/t-4369.html)
- Holocaust deniers (http://www.jerusalem-korczak-home.com/bib/aisensharf/alla.html)
- Holocaust - Eyewitness Accounts/Personal History ( http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/ru/gallery.php?ModuleId=10005143&MediaType=OI)
- The Holocaust in Fine Arts. (http://www.holocf.ru/pages/51)
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82
- Encyclopedia of the Holocaust (http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/ru/article.php?ModuleId=10007871)
- http://fcit.coedu.usf.edu/holocaust/resource/gallery/Olere.htm
Atlases and contour maps. Russian history
Line UMK I. L. Andreev, O. V. Volobuev. History (6-10)
Line UMK V. S. Myasnikov. General History (5-9)
Line UMK R. Sh. Ganelin. History of Russia (6-10)
Atlases and contour maps. Russian history. Historical and cultural standard
Presentation to international day memory of the victims of the Holocaust
January 27 is the day of remembrance for the victims of one of the bloodiest and most tragic stages in human history - the Holocaust. We cannot remain indifferent to this event. Let us recall the main causes, history and consequences of the terrible page of the past.What is the Holocaust?
In a broad sense, the persecution and mass destruction by the Nazis of representatives of various ethnic and social groups (Soviet prisoners of war, Poles, Jews, gypsies, masons, hopelessly ill and disabled, etc.) during the existence of Nazi Germany.
In a narrow sense - the persecution and mass extermination of Jews living in Germany, on the territory of its allies and in the territories occupied by them during the Second World War; systematic persecution and extermination of European Jews by Nazi Germany and collaborators during 1933–1945.
Show students photos related to the topic of the lesson, and then invite them to think and answer the following question: “Why did the people who gave the world Goethe, Bach and Kant become associated with such a terrible war crime as the Holocaust? What can we do to ensure this tragedy never happens again?”
Sergey Agafonov teacher of the highest category, co-author of textbooks on national history
Topics for messages
- Warsaw ghetto. History of resistance.
- The feat of Alexander Pechersky.
- "Righteous Among the Nations".
- The Life and Death of Janusz Korczak.
- Everyday life in the ghetto through the eyes of residents.
- Monuments to the victims of the Holocaust.
Lesson vocabulary
Nazism, genocide, ghetto, concentration camp
From the history of the Holocaust
The Holocaust (from the Greek “burnt offering”, “annihilation”) began on January 30, 1933, after Adolf Hitler assumed the post of Reich Chancellor of Germany, and already on March 22, the first prisoners began to arrive at the concentration camp in Dachau, near Munich. As part of the policy of racial anti-Semitism, the German National Socialists announced the complete extermination of Jews from Germany.
The roots of this tragedy have been growing since the 19th century, when German and Austrian pan-Germanists (supporters of a cultural and political movement based on the idea of the political unity of the German nation) actively promoted the ideas of racial superiority. Within the framework of such ideas, Jews, Slavs, Gypsies were considered as born carriers of certain biologically deficient traits.
Other related materials:
- For Victory Day: front-line letters that move you to tears
- June 22: chronology of the events of the first day of the Great Patriotic War
However, the massacres and executions did not begin immediately: for the first few years, the Nazis mainly limited the working rights of Jews and property rights, which resulted in the adoption of the "Nuremberg Race Laws" in 1935, two racist legislative act: "Law on the Citizen of the Reich" and "Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor", which put an end to the equality of Jews and Germans in Germany.
The Nazis also actively tried to squeeze the Jews out of the country. To the horror of the latter, it turned out that there was simply nowhere to go: many countries of the League of Nations, even after the first reports of the death of the Jewish population, remained deaf to human grief and closed their borders from refugees, not to mention financial support. Only a few organizations somehow tried to help the refugees, for example, the Nansen international organization for refugees. In total, about 400 thousand people fled from Germany, Austria and the Czechoslovak regions of Bohemia and Moravia. Almost the same number at the time of the outbreak of World War II remained in the territories controlled by the Nazis.
After the outbreak of the war, the Germans seized several new territories with the Slavic and Jewish populations living on them - Poland, the Baltic States, and then the Soviet lands. And it was then that mass executions began (only Babi Yar in 1941 became the place of extermination of at least hundreds of thousands of people) and the exile of the “lower race” to concentration camps. In total, more than 20 million Slavs died from the actions of the Nazis, 15 of whom were Soviet citizens, and about 6 million Jews.
Read more about the crimes of the Nazis during the Great Patriotic War in our textbook:
The textbook, prepared in accordance with the IKS, covers the period of national history from 1914 to the beginning of the 21st century. The content of the textbook is aimed at developing the cognitive interests of students. The methodology of the textbook is based on a system-activity approach, which contributes to the formation of skills to independently work with information and use it in practical activities.