Minerals of the Chelyabinsk Region presentation for a lesson on the world around (Grade 4) on the topic. The wealth of the stone belt minerals of the Urals Presentation on the topic minerals of the Urals
Among the natural resources of the Urals, a prominent role belongs, of course, to the wealth of its bowels. Among the minerals, deposits of ore raw materials are of the greatest importance, however, many of them have been discovered for a long time and have been exploited for a long time, therefore they are largely depleted.
The most "mineral" place in this area is Ilmeny, where more than 260 minerals and 70 rocks have been found. About 20 minerals were discovered here for the first time in the world. There are such precious stones as: sapphire, ruby, diamond, etc., semi-precious stones: amethyst, opal, topaz, granite, malachite, sun, moon and Arabic stone, rock crystal, etc.
Emerald (or green stone) is one of the most famous gemstones, it has been known since ancient times and was used as an ornament. Emeralds were found on the eastern slope of the Ural Mountains near the Tokovaya River. The deposit was accidentally found by a peasant in 1830, noticing several green stones among the roots of a fallen tree.
Description of the presentation WEALTH OF THE STONE BELT MINERAL RESOURCES OF THE URALS slides
MINERALS OF THE URALS Minerals of the Urals are really the treasures of our entire country, because out of one hundred and five elements of the famous periodic table, about fifty are mined in the Urals. In Soviet times, most of all scientific and intelligence associations were located in this part of our country. This is due to the fact that the maximum number of useful elements that are necessary for the life of modern society and the country as a whole are concentrated here. Of all the minerals mined here, the most important place is occupied by:
METALLIC MINERAL RESOURCES OF THE URALS (ORES OF NON-FERROUS METALS) The Middle Urals is rich in ores of non-ferrous, precious and rare metals. Deposits of copper pyrite ore are located in Krasnouralsk, Kirovograd, Degtyarsk. Copper ores formed during the introduction of granites are mined in Nizhny Tagil (Mednorudnyanskoye deposit), near Polevskoy (Gumeshevskoye deposit). Complex copper ores are mined in Verkhnyaya Pyshma. There are many deposits of rare metals in the Middle Urals: gold (Berezovskoye deposit, the valleys of the Tura, Salda, Tagil rivers), platinum (the valleys of the Lobva, Kosya, Tagil rivers). In the Urals, platinum nuggets weighing more than 10 kg were found. In Soviet times, aluminum ores, bauxite, were discovered in the Urals.
In our country, large platinum nuggets are found in the Urals. It was here that the largest platinum nuggets in the world were found. Unfortunately, the largest one (weighing about 9.5 kg) has not been preserved (it was melted down), and the second largest - "Unique" (weighing 8.395 kg) is currently stored in the Kremlin Diamond Fund. 1 gram of platinum \u003d 1881, 14 rubles. Platinum
GOLD In Russia, the most famous gold nuggets were found in the Urals. The largest gold nugget found in Russia - the "Big Triangle" - was found near the city of Miass in 1842. This famous nugget weighed about 36 kilograms. Gold (Au) = 2,301.46 rubles / g Dollar ($) - 60, 16 rubles. 47.6% of the total gold reserves in the Ural Federal District are concentrated in the Sverdlovsk Region, including 63.5% in primary deposits, 23.4% in complex deposits, 75.8% in placers. The total gold production in the Sverdlovsk region is about 11 tons of gold annually (including 8.3 tons from own deposits and placers).
SILVER Silver ore as such is almost non-existent in the Urals. So, how is silver mined in those deposits? The bulk of this noble metal is produced from pyrite ore. It also contains: indium, zinc, gallium, cadmium, scandium, germanium, as well as noble metals: gold and silver. It is possible to determine the content of elements in pyrite ore only after processing. And deposits of silver ore are as easy to determine as cleaning silver with ammonia: a swab dipped in this substance will make the noble element shine. Uzelginskoye (Chelyabinsk region) Copper pyrite - 46.1 tons per year 1 gram = 32.7 rubles
URAL EMERALD Each emerald deposit is unique, which is primarily due to different geological processes of formation. The Mariinsky deposit is the only one in Russia; Ural emeralds are considered among the best in the world.
ALEXANDER Perhaps the rarest gemstone. Alexandrite is a kind of mineral chrysoberyl, the stone has unique property change its color depending on the wavelength (lighting) the color can be bluish-green or crimson-red. Ural alexandrite is still considered the best in the world due to the unsurpassed property of pleochroism (color change), none of the precious stones can boast of such a wonderful property. The first alexandrite in the Urals was found in 1834, this mineral was named in honor of Emperor Alexander 2. Chrysoberyl, which does not have pleochroism (color change effect), cannot be classified as alexandrite. Ural alexandrites are rare. The price of alexandrites on the world market can reach fabulous figures up to 100 thousand dollars and more per 1 carat.
AMETHYST Amethyst. The Ural gem, according to experts, has no rivals on the international market. Amethysts from other deposits, when lighting is changed to artificial, lose their play, beauty and richness of tone, while the precious stones of the Urals retain their brilliance, and the stones found near Sanarka or Murzinka light up with red reflections.
DEMANTOID Demantoid. Large deposits are developed only in the Middle Urals. The Karkodinskoye deposit is the largest supplier of the mineral to the world market. Demantoid is a precious stone, which is one of the varieties of garnet. In nature, there are instances of honey, golden yellow, swamp and emerald green shades. Thanks to its beautiful play of light, it is compared to diamonds. Even the name "demantoid" itself comes from the German "diamant" - "diamond" and the ancient Greek "eidos" - look, appearance, similar. That is, literally "diamond" is translated as "like a diamond". 1 carat = $3,100 Weight: 2.92 carats
At the lesson, students consider the geographical location of the Urals. They study the main factors of the geographical position of the Urals. Then, using the maps of the atlas, students determine the geographical position of the Ural Mountains.
After that, students get acquainted with the geological profile of the Ural Mountains and the rocks that make up the mountains.
Then, a diagram of the Ural Mountains is considered with a demonstration of photographs of each orographic unit of mountains.
In the presentation, students will learn information about one of the major rivers of the Urals - the Chusovaya River.
the issue of the minerals of the Urals is separately disclosed, since the Ural Mountains are a pantry of mineral reserves in Russia.
At the end of the lesson, it is proposed to consider the environmental problems of mountains.
Slide 1GP, relief, geological structure and minerals of the Urals
Slide 2 The main factors of the GP of the Urals Borderline 1. Between two parts of the world 2. Between different parts of the earth's crust. 3. Between various forms of relief 4. Between the basins of the largest rivers. 5. Between climatic zones and regions. 6. Between several natural areas. Geographical position Deep position 2. Position on the border of Europe and Asia Ural Range
Slide 3 Determine (using a physical map) how the geographical location of the Urals affects its nature. GP factors position inside the mainland elongation from north to south accessibility to winds from the Arctic Ocean
Slide 41800m 1200m 1600m Western slope Eastern slope Main range Metamorphic and sedimentary rocks Igneous and volcanic rocks Metamorphic rocks East European Plain Pz Pt Pz West Siberian Plain
Slide 5 Scheme of the Ural Mountains 1. Pai-Khoi 2. Polar Urals 3. Subpolar Urals 4. Northern Urals 5. Middle Urals 6. Southern Urals 2 1 3 4 6 5
Slide 6Polar Ural
Slide 7 Subpolar Urals
Slide 8 Subpolar Ural Mountain Saber
Slide 9 Northern Urals
Slide 10Middle Urals
Slide 11Middle Ural river Chusovaya
Slide 12 The Chusovaya River, the left tributary of the Kama, originates in the Middle Urals and crosses it from the southeast to the northwest. The length of the river is about 600 km. The severe beauty of this river is given by rocks up to 100 m high. The banks of the Chusovaya with numerous cliffs and caves are a kind of chronicle of the Urals. Traces of sacrifices of ancient hunters have been preserved in the caves. According to legend, the squad of the legendary conqueror of the Kuchumov kingdom wintered in the cave of Yermak's Stone.
Slide 14 South Ural
Slide 15 Mountain of small blockheads Palkin stone tents. Devil's settlement How could such landforms have been formed?
Slide 16 Minerals of the Urals Western Slope Main Range Eastern Slope Sedimentary Metamorphic Igneous and Volcanic Salts Coal Limestone Sandstone Gneiss Quartzite Mica Rock Crystal Dragots. stones Crystal schist Iron ore Platinum Gold Silver Copper Bauxite Minerals
Slide 17Natural uniques of the Urals
Slide 18 Ilmensky mineralogical reserve
Slide 19 "Mineralogical Paradise" Ilmensky State Reserve is located in the Southern Urals in the Ilmensky Mountains. The reserve was created in 1920 thanks to the efforts of Academician A.E. Fersman. Minerals and rocks are protected here: precious and ornamental stones. There are more than 200 minerals in the reserve. There are rare ones that have not yet been found in any mountains in the world.
Slide 20 "Land of gems" amethyst amazonite rock crystal corundum
Slide 21 mica topaz malachite topaz
Slide 22Rhinestone Chalcedony Rhodonite Aventurine Emerald Crystals Gems and gems
Slide 23 Turquoise Alexandrite Sapphire Ruby Diamond Gemstones and Gems
Slide 24 Ornamental stones of the Urals stand out with the extraordinary beauty of colors: jaspers, marbles, colorful serpentines. But especially appreciated: green patterned malachite and pink eagle.
Slide 25Modern products with sapphires
Slide 27 "Underworld"
Slide 28Kungur Ice Cave One of the largest caves in Russia. Located near Kungur on the right bank of the Sylva river. The ice mountain is composed of soluble water rocks: limestone, gypsum, dolomite, anhydride. The Kungur cave is the result of the dissolution of rocks (karst) by water. The cave consists of grottoes located on four tiers. The length of 58 grottoes and passages is about 5 km
Slide 29 Environmental problems of the Urals
Slide 30Ural has long been mastered. This is a large industrial region of Russia. There are especially many cities in the Middle and South Urals. Often the distance between cities is 5-10 km. In the cities of the Urals there are "dirty" industries: metallurgical and chemical enterprises. In cities, there is high smoky air (smog, acid rain), heavy metals accumulate in the soil, and rivers and lakes are polluted with industrial effluents. Deforestation, mining (quarries, dumps) have worsened the quality of the landscapes of the Urals. Valuable conifers trees. In the Chelyabinsk and Orenburg regions, radioactive contamination is the result of nuclear weapons tests.
Slide 31 Leaders in the list of the most unfavorable cities for life in Russia Yekaterinburg N. Tagil Chelyabinsk
Slide 32 The most polluted rivers of the Urals Iset Kosva Miass Pyshma
Slide 33 Ufa Chusovaya Measures to improve the environmental situation in the Urals: use of non-waste technologies; construction of treatment facilities; reforestation; creation of reserves and reserves.
Ural. Minerals.
Minerals.
Place of Birth
Iron ores
Magnitogorskoye, Vysokogorskoye, Kachkanarskoye, Bakalskoye, Khalilovskoye
Non-ferrous metals
Krasnouralskoye, Gayskoye
Gold
Asbestos
Berezovskoe
Bazhenovskoye
Ural gems: amethyst, smoky topaz, emerald, sapphire, rock crystal, alexandride
East slope
Ornamental stones: jasper, marble, serpentine, malachite, pink eagle
Potassium salts, rock salt, gypsum
Verkhnekamskoe, Sol-Iletskoe, Usolskoe
Oil
Ishimbay
The peculiarity of the nature of the Urals.
Nature of the Urals
Nature of the Trans-Urals
More precipitation falls, climate is humid
There is little rainfall, the climate is dry
Fir-spruce forests in the taiga
There are deciduous forests
Pine forests in the taiga
In the steppes, a colorful carpet of forbs
No broadleaf forests
In the steppes, saline soils with sparse vegetation
Characteristics of parts of the Urals
signs
Polar Ural
1.Highest point
2. Minerals
Subpolar Urals
Northern Ural
3. Natural areas
Middle Ural
Southern Urals
2. Using paragraph 33 of the textbook, fill in the table
Characteristics of parts of the Urals 1. Put on the contour map parts of the Urals: Polar, Subpolar, Northern, Middle, Southern and their highest points.
signs
1.Highest point
Polar Ural
Subpolar Urals
Northern Ural
G.Narodnaya
G. Telpos-Iz
Middle Ural
Southern Urals
G. Pavdinsky Stone
G.Yamantau
Characteristics of parts of the Urals
signs
Polar Ural
2. Minerals
Subpolar Urals
Reserves of ores of iron, chromium, polymetals
Northern Ural
Iron, polymetallic ores
Middle Ural
Bauxites (Red Riding Hood), manganese and iron ore (Polunochnoe, Ivdel), brown coal (Karpinsk), Serov group of deposits of various ores
Southern Urals
Iron, copper, nickel, gold, coal
Nickel, copper ores, uranium ores
Characteristics of parts of the Urals
signs
Polar Ural
3. Natural areas
mountain deserts
Subpolar Urals
mountain tundra
Northern Ural
mountain deserts
mountain tundra
mountain tundra
Middle Ural
mountain tundra
Subalpine belt (forest-meadow)
Southern Urals
Mountain taiga (coniferous forests)
Mountain taiga (coniferous forests)
Subalpine belt (forest-meadow)
mountain tundra
Subalpine belt (forest-meadow)
Mountain taiga (coniferous forests)
Mountain taiga (coniferous forests)
Mountain forest-steppes and mountain deciduous forests
Characteristics of parts of the Urals
signs
4. Flora and fauna
Polar Ural
Subpolar Urals
Lichens, perennial herbs, creeping shrubs.
Arctic foxes, lemings, snowy owl, reindeer, mountain hare, wolf, ermine, weasel.
Northern Ural
Middle Ural
Sable, bear, chipmunk
Dark coniferous spruce-fir forests,
Southern Urals
Dark coniferous spruce-fir taiga, larch, pine, mountain ash, bird cherry, viburnum, elderberry, honeysuckle
Wolf, lynx, squirrel, chipmunk, marten, sable
Pine, aspen, birch
Squirrel, marten, polecat, woodpeckers, owls
