Calculation of heating in a private house. Autonomous heating in a private house Estimate for heating a private house example
A heating device for your own home, or other similar property, is simply vital. Otherwise, it can be considered a monument - to whom and what, this is at the choice of its creator. There are different ways to solve the problem of providing heating for your home, and one of them is to make turnkey heating.
How can you make heating?
To implement a project such as a heating device, several different approaches are practiced:
- creation of turnkey heating, when all work is performed by a third party, including design, purchase of materials and equipment, installation of the system;
- performing work on your own.
The choice of how to heat a dacha - on a turnkey basis or on their own - is made by everyone independently. However, when making such a decision, you need to weigh all the possibilities. The fact is that heating a house is generally a complex structure, and although many actually working methods and techniques have now been developed that greatly simplify this task, creating it yourself will require a lot of effort and a lot of time from you.
At the same time, if your choice is heating a turnkey country house, this only requires significant financial costs. In this case, the main difficulty will be how to find a reliable contractor and determining the cost of performing the work. As a rule, the estimate for heating a private house includes all the work carried out - design, purchase of equipment and its installation.
What should be considered when choosing a heating system
Initially, you need to decide on the choice of heating boiler, its type, power and type of fuel used. All these characteristics directly affect the cost of the boiler. Radiators, pipes and other required attributes - everything is taken into account in the heating estimate. Their selection should also be given the necessary attention.
The choice of what kind of heating system to use has a large, if not decisive, influence on determining the cost of work. It will depend on which of the well-known schemes - single-pipe or two-pipe, with forced or natural circulation, open or closed, you prefer - will depend on how much it costs to carry out heating. It is the installation scheme and the circulation method that determine the required number of pipes and their parameters, in particular the pressure at which they must operate.
As a rule, when creating turnkey heating, design work is carried out, and during their implementation, at least two mandatory calculations must be performed:
- hydraulic, which allows you to determine the diameter of the pipes and the type of pump;
- thermal engineering, which determines system parameters, possible heat losses and selection of equipment for specified requirements.
There are programs that help in designing a heating system, which have a built-in heating calculator for a private home. Such a program can be of significant help if you decide to do the heating yourself. In addition, you can use an online heating calculator for calculations - this is a fairly widespread service and free. However, it is often impossible to carry out the necessary calculations remotely, because you need to know the specific characteristics of the house, individual rooms and many other features.
Of course, if the owner himself uses the heating calculator, then these features are well known to him, but a representative of a third-party organization will have to go to the site and inspect the house to clarify the necessary nuances.
Installation service costs
No one can just say how much it will cost you to create a heating system. And it’s not even about the features that are outlined above in the text. These were, so to speak, technical, necessary conditions for ensuring high-quality heating of the house. In many organizations, private craftsmen have different prices for heating installations, and they depend on the location of the organization; in Moscow there are some prices, in Saratov they are different.
In any case, we can give, as an example, an estimate for heating, which should be reflected in it:
- calculation and design of the system;
- installation of heating (in accordance with the selected scheme and type of coolant circulation);
- installation of a boiler and heating batteries;
- laying (open or hidden) of the necessary pipelines;
- automation to control the heating system (if possible).
These works can be taken as a sample of the heating estimate, what it must contain, and what you need to focus on when discussing the conditions and cost of obtaining a turnkey heating system.
Considering that prices for heating work offered by different organizations can vary quite greatly, and the total cost of work exceeds tens, and sometimes hundreds of thousands of rubles, it is worth considering the choice of performers, as well as their equipment with tools, very carefully .
Your actions must fully comply with the generally accepted procedure when concluding a contract with a third-party organization, and constant monitoring of the quality and content of the work performed must be carried out. In this case, you can hope to receive a turnkey heating system of adequate quality.
One of the options for providing a country house with an autonomous turnkey heating system would be to transfer the order for its production to a third party. In this case, you will get rid of a lot of hassle, get a properly designed and working heating system, although the costs of its creation will be quite high.
Calculation of heating in a private house is necessary to select a boiler, radiators, and connection diagrams in accordance with the specified operating conditions. In other words, in order to purchase and install the necessary equipment, you must first take into account heat loss in walls, ceilings, window units, determine comfortable humidity, temperature in each room with the ability to adjust the microclimate in a small range.
Calculation of the cost of heating a country house is provided to customers in the estimate documentation to adjust the budget for the construction of a heating complex for a cottage. When using additional heating systems (warm floors, air heaters, ceiling, wall IR heaters), it is possible to reduce the number of radiators and boiler power without changing the comfort of living.
At the initial stage, it is necessary to select an energy carrier:
- The solid fuel boiler has minimal automation of the process; the firebox has to be loaded manually, therefore, this equipment is selected in the absence of a centralized gas pipeline
- an electric boiler provides an increase in operating costs due to the high cost of energy, therefore, it is used as a last resort
- liquid fuel boilers are minimally environmentally friendly, the need to constantly replenish the fuel supply, and the associated difficulties of storing flammable substances
Thus, in 90% of cases, gas boilers are chosen, which are convenient to operate and economical to maintain. Modifications with closed combustion chambers can be placed in the kitchen and do not require a separate room with high-quality ventilation systems and separate exits.
The amount of the estimate at this stage depends entirely on the correct choice of heating equipment:
- a boiler that is too powerful will consume excess fuel
- insufficient power of the device will reduce the comfort of living
The heating system of a country house is calculated based on several characteristics:
- specific power of the heating device - recommended value for heating 10 square meters, marked in the formulas W y
- area of premises – in the formulas used it is denoted by the Latin S
The calculation of water heating for a private house must take into account the climate of the operating region. For northern regions, W y is 2 – 1.7 kW, central 1.5 – 1.3 kW, southern 0.9 – 0.6 kW. The formula used for calculations is: W = S *W y /10. Therefore, with an average value of specific power for heating 100 square meters, boilers of 15 - 10 kW are usually selected.
In large-format rooms (from 100 square meters), the length of the circuits leads to a decrease in the coolant temperature, therefore, circulation pumps will be additionally required. With smaller areas, natural circulation remains quite effective.
The dimensions of the window openings do not affect the number of sections located under the window sills. Calculation of heating radiators for a private house is made in accordance with the characteristics of the selected type of sections. The technical characteristics of a cast iron, bimetallic, steel, ceramic, design radiator indicate heat transfer. This parameter is necessary for calculations:
- its value is divided by 100 to determine the amount of m2 that one section of the device is able to heat
- the area of the room is divided by the resulting result
- the value is rounded up
For example, with a radiator power of 180 W, 14 sections will be required for a normal microclimate in a room measuring 24 square: 24/18 = 13.3 pieces. In corner rooms, rooms with loggias/balconies, heat loss increases, therefore, 3–2 sections are added to the resulting number of radiators.
The estimate for heating a private house, in addition to the boiler and radiators, includes:
- pipes - depending on the piping scheme used
- fittings – for connecting straight sections
- shut-off valves - three valves near each radiator to increase the maintainability of the circuits
Estimate documentation is included in the project or drawn up independently. In the first case, professionals take into account all the nuances; in the second option, there are often errors, there are either not enough materials, or there is a reserve that unjustifiably increases the construction budget.
Estimate for heating installation
To install heating circuits for a cottage, you will need material, equipment, tools (if you make it yourself) or pay for the services of specialists when contacting the company. In any case, you will need an estimate for heating installation, which will allow you to adjust the budget.
There are free services on the Internet that allow you to do this yourself. However, the programs are complex for non-professionals; detailed familiarization with the help of videos and text instructions will be required.
The cost of a professional estimate in specialized companies traditionally amounts to 3–1% of the turnkey installation price. Many companies provide estimate documentation and measurements free of charge, as a bonus. Moreover, the quality is an order of magnitude higher than independent calculations:
- craftsmen have extensive experience
- have regular practice
- monitor price changes in the building materials market
Most often, the choice of materials from the manufacturer of the service provides an additional reduction in the budget - companies purchase it at wholesale prices from reliable suppliers, extending discounts to their clients.
The customer can only provide a technical specification with an accompanying sketch of the desired circuit layout or voice the requirements for the technical device and the planned interior design.
The rest of the drawings and calculations will be carried out by the company's professionals, providing a preliminary estimate with a project planning plan, which indicates the timing of the work, for approval.
Prices for services
| Work performed | Price |
|---|---|
| Installation of a floor-standing gas boiler | from 16,000 rub. |
| Installation of an indirect heating boiler | from 12,000 rub. |
| Electric boiler installation | from 3000 rub. |
| Installation of a boiler safety group | from 1100 rub. |
| Installation of a circulation pump | from 1400 rub. |
| Installation of expansion tank | from 1400 rub. |
| Installation of the main mixture collector | from 1500 rub. |
| Installation of thermohydraulic distributor | from 1700 rub. |
| Installation of the pump group | from 2000 rub. |
| Installation of a radiator, floor convector, etc. | from 1800 rub. |
| Installation of an in-floor convector | from 2500 rub. |
| Installation of a collector with underfloor heating flow meters | from 2500 rub. |
| Installation of risers made of polypropylene, polyethylene, metal plastic | from 800 rub./ linear meter |
| Routing heating pipes to radiators | from 2500 rub. |
| Pressure testing of the heating system | from 4000 rub. |
| Installation of a wall-mounted gas boiler | from 14,000 rub. |
| Electric boiler installation | from 12500 rub. |
| Installation of a gas wall-mounted double-circuit boiler | from 16500 rub. |
Examples of completed heating installation work in private houses
When calculating an estimate for the repair or replacement of a heating system, it is necessary to decide whether it will be a complete replacement of the entire system, or just radiators or heating pipes.
Estimate for replacement and repair of heating batteries
If communication networks are replaced in an apartment in a residential building, then with any changes in the arrangement of electrical and plumbing equipment, it is necessary to make appropriate amendments to the technical specifications. passport of the entire residential building. But this does not apply to heating devices, so replacing them yourself is prohibited. But in a private house, the owner can easily replace the batteries himself.
You need to find out which radiators are best to choose.
- Cast iron – they are not subject to corrosion and are very durable, but they are heavy.
- Steel – very durable, have an attractive appearance, but are made of thin (1.5 mm thick) steel sheet, and therefore are sensitive to mechanical damage.
- Aluminum – they are quite light in weight, look good, but do not involve contact of the coolant with other metals, and an air outlet is also required.
- Bimetallic – have a steel core and aluminum fins, have high efficiency, and are at the same time quite durable and presentable.
Having decided on the type and brand of radiator, you should calculate the number of required radiator sections. It is calculated according to a simple formula - 1 section per 2 square meters. m. area of the room. You can install spare ones, the number of which does not exceed 20% of the total, and each battery can be equipped with a separate throttle or thermostatic head.
It is also advisable to equip each radiator with a valve, with which you can completely disconnect the battery from the general circuit, and a valve that will allow you to direct the water flow through a shunt (bypass).
Radiators are replaced when there is no water in the heating system. New batteries are mounted on brackets and connected to the general system using ball valves. Connections are sealed using fiber or fum tape. The air from the radiators is bleed through the Mayevsky valve. It is necessary to check the tightness of all connections.
Prices for the installation of radiators, convectors, pipes, registers, mud traps, air collectors and air valves should be found in the collections on internal devices of heating systems GESN-18, FER-18, TER-18.
But prices for such work as dismantling old radiators, finned pipes, air heaters, convectors, as well as draining water, changing valves, valves, taps, cleaning and flushing radiators are contained in the collections GESNr-65-(15-27), FERr- 65-(15-27) and TERr-65-(15-27).
But if what is required is not a complete replacement, but only cleaning and flushing of the radiators with their subsequent installation in the old place, then it is advisable to use the prices of GESNr-65-22-(01-08), FERr-65-22-(01-08) and TERr-65-22-(01-08).
Prices for the materials used can be taken from the FSSC - a federal collection of estimated prices for materials, products and structures used in construction.
Replacing the heating riser
When replacing heating risers, you should also choose the right building materials, that is, pipes.
If you bet on the choice of pipes made of metal-plastic or reinforced polypropylene, you can get:
- ease of assembly and installation;
- light weight of products;
- ability to bend well, which is very useful when assembling on site.
But, at the same time, plastics wear out easily and may not withstand pressure surges of up to 20 atm that occur during water hammer.
Therefore, many builders now prefer to install galvanized steel pipes when installing risers and connections to radiator valves.
First, water is drained from the system, and this must be done by a mechanic from the housing department. If work on replacing risers is carried out in emergency mode, then everything is done completely free of charge.
Only after a complete descent can you begin to dismantle the old risers using a grinder. Then a thread is cut to screw in a new riser, or it is welded on. Afterwards, the new pipes are connected to the threads on the riser using couplings and sealed with silicone sealant or plumbing flax.
The next step is to install tees onto the threads, and valves are attached to them, and shut-off valves are attached to pipes with threads that are long at one end and short at the other. The jumpers are installed, and the radiator itself is connected last.
Finally, the air is bled and a trial run of the riser is performed.
All prices for replacing heating pipelines made of galvanized steel pipes with pipelines made of multilayer metal polymers, with a riser heating system, can be found in the collections GESNr-65-15-(05-07), FERr-65-15-(05-07), TERr -65-15-(05-07).
And replacement with similar pipelines, but made of galvanized steel, is better to be priced according to the prices of GESNr-65-15-(01-04), FERr-65-15-(01-04), TERr-65-15-(01-04 ). But some estimators recommend using prices for laying galvanized pipes with a diameter of 15 to 150 mm according to price collections GESN -16-02-002-(01-12), FER -16-02-002-(01-12), TER -16 -02-002-(01-12).
An example of an estimate for replacing a heating system and pipes
Download an example of an estimate for replacing the heating system and pipes -