Vitamin B2 is responsible. Vitamin B2. The role of a balanced diet in the fight against vitamin B2 deficiency

10.12.2021

Vitamin G or B2 (Latin name Riboflavinum - riboflavin, lactoflavin) is an easily absorbed yellow substance, a coenzyme of various biochemical processes in the body, which performs a key function in maintaining the health of people and animals.

Physical properties of the compound:

has a yellow-orange color, bitter taste;
stable in an acidic environment;
tolerates heat well (melting point reaches 280 ° C);
poorly soluble in ethyl solutions, water (0.11 mg / ml at 27.5 ° C);
insoluble in chloroform, benzene, acetone, diethyl ether;
breaks down in alkaline solutions;
decomposes under the influence of UV radiation.

Although unstable in alkalis, riboflavin is easily reduced by adding hydrogen at the site of double bonds. These properties of vitamin B2 (oxidation and reduction) underlie the course of cellular metabolism.

The structural formula of riboflavin is C17H20N4O6.

Let us consider in detail the physicochemical properties, significance, signs and consequences of a compound deficiency, how to make up for the shortage, what it contains, instructions for use (daily rate).

General information

Who discovered lactoflavin?

Also, riboflavin is involved in the metabolism of vitamin B6, folic acid, niacin, iron and is part of coenzymes that promote the breakdown of BJU and their transition into an energy form.

Interaction with other substances

Cooking a small amount of food at a time (without reheating), placing frozen foods directly in boiling water (without pre-thawing) or in the oven (in aluminum foil) will help maximize the preservation of riboflavin in foods.

Remember, the absorption of vitamin B2 is affected by the intake of certain medications.

Consider the compatibility of lactoflavin and other drugs.

The simultaneous intake of riboflavin, pyridoxine, vitamin K and folic acid leads to a mutual enhancement of the action of nutrients.
Thyroidin increases the rate of conversion of vitamin B2 into coenzyme compounds.
Erythromycin and tetracycline increase the excretion of lactoflavin.
Riboflavin, together with nicotinic acid, activates the mechanisms of detoxification of the body, as a result of which the excretion of final metabolic metabolites is accelerated.
Powerful tranquilizers (fluorothiazine, chlorpromazine), tricyclic antidepressants (imipramine, amitriptyline) and peripheral vasodilators (hydralazine, diazoxide, minoxidil) inhibit the utilization of vitamin B2 by disrupting the synthesis of coenzyme forms.
Riboflavin increases the bioavailability of zinc.
The joint intake of lactoflavin and iron leads to the accumulation and enhancement of the pharmacological properties of the trace element.
Antipsychotics used in depression and psychosis, in particular chlorpromazine, inhibit the conversion of the nutrient into a biologically active form.
The diuretic spironolactone blocks the synthesis of vitamin B2.
Antihypertensive drugs enhance the transformation of riboflavin into biologically active compounds.
In the presence of boric acid, vitamin B2 is destroyed.

Given the mechanism of action and the compatibility of medicinal substances, it is easy to draw up an effective nutrient intake regimen, and subsequently prevent beriberi.

The mother's body is the only "source" of nutrients for the developing fetus in the womb. Along with negative genetic factors, the lack of basic nutrients, in 70% of cases, leads to a violation of the course of pregnancy, premature birth, bleeding and the onset of toxicosis. In addition, most of the diseases detected in newborns are acquired during fetal development.

Numerous scientific studies confirm the existence of a direct relationship between nutrient deficiencies and malformations in the development of the embryo. In view of this, it is advisable for expectant mothers to take organic nutritional supplements and multivitamin complexes.

One of the most important nutrients during pregnancy is riboflavin (in Latin - Riboflavini). Vitamin B2 is necessary for the proper formation of the nervous system, muscles and skeleton in the developing fetus. The lack of this substance can lead to intrauterine death of the embryo, early birth, the appearance of congenital anomalies (growth retardation, skin and eye damage) in infants, decreased lactation, and the development of seborrheic dermatitis in the expectant mother.

The daily requirement for B2 for pregnant women is 1.8 - 2.1 milligrams, and for nursing mothers - 1.9 - 2.5 milligrams. Do not be afraid if, while taking the vitamin, the urine turns bright yellow. This phenomenon is absolutely harmless and safe for both organisms.

Since lactoflavin is one of the main "participants" of protein metabolism, it is advisable to use it in strength sports and bodybuilding. The vitamin is especially useful for professional athletes, as it helps to transform the energy received into the muscular relief of the body. In addition, the nutrient regulates the supply of oxygen to the muscles, as a result of which the risk of developing hypoxia during training is halved.

The daily requirement of vitamin B2 for bodybuilders is 3-5 milligrams. Taking riboflavin supplements doubles the results of strength training.

The mechanism of the biological action of riboflavin consists in the construction of two coenzymes that are involved in the synthesis of the ATP molecule and some proteins (erythropoietin, hemoglobin, catecholamines) that are part of the redox enzyme systems of the body. Along with this, vitamin B2 is an indispensable “helper” for the eyes. By protecting the retina from excessive exposure to ultraviolet rays, the nutrient is involved in the construction of visual purple. At the same time, the absorption spectra of lactoflavin (maxima) lie in the region of 445, 375, 260 and 225 nanometers.

Therapeutic effects of vitamin B2

Antihypoxic. Riboflavin supports the ability of cells to synthesize and efficiently use ATP energy molecules, including when there is a violation of oxygen supply to tissues.
Adaptation-trophic. With regular consumption of the vitamin, metabolic processes in the body are normalized and the functional state of the brain is improved.
Detoxifying. Lactoflavin as part of complex therapy for liver restoration enhances the hepatoprotective effect of herbal preparations. Due to this, the barrier, excretory and digestive functions of the organ increase.
Keratoplastic. The nutrient is used to normalize the process of skin keratinization, resorption of inflammatory infiltrates, restore the normal structure of the dermis and epidermis.
Anabolic. Since vitamin B2 increases the activity of plastic energy metabolism enzymes and stimulates the synthesis of protein metabolism, with an increase in dosage, there is a systematic increase in muscle mass.
Neurotropic. Enrichment of the daily diet with products that contain lactoflavin leads to an increase in the synthesis of neurotransmitters (serotonin, dopamine, GABA, acetylcholine) in the brain and the restoration of the myelin sheaths of the nerve trunks (in combination with lecithin).

These effects are only relevant if the daily nutrient deficiency is covered in full.

Scientific studies conducted in 2004 by nutritionists Ruslana Piskoppel and Vladimir Dadali confirm the fact that the concentration of biologically active substances in products has significantly decreased over the past 20 years. Therefore, every day there is a need to receive a huge amount of a variety of food. And since many vitamins, including riboflavin, are not able to accumulate in the body, it is almost impossible to maintain their required balance in the blood. Therefore, to compensate for the deficiency of nutrients, it is advisable to use nutritional supplements in tablets, capsules or in the form of dragees.

Balanced complexes of B vitamins - Neurobion, Neurostabil, Vita B Plus, Vita-Escort, Vitabalance 2000, B-50. However, these preparations, in addition to useful substances, contain capsule shells consisting of harmful ingredients: gelatin, dyes. The use of liquid riboflavin (in ampoules) will help prevent a negative reaction of the body in case of individual intolerance to the components. The composition of the vitamin solution includes distilled water and pure lactoflavin.

Clinical Application

For the treatment of B2-avitaminosis, 10 milligrams of an organic nutrient is taken 3 to 5 times a day (orally or parenterally). While taking medications, it is advisable to follow a healthy diet.

If there are seizures on the oral mucosa, to which the infection has joined, local treatment should be carried out simultaneously with therapy - lotions, ointments, rinses, antibiotics. However, avitaminosis, as an independent disease, occurs relatively rarely. Much more often, nutrient deficiency manifests itself along with other pathologies against the background of prolonged microelementosis. In such cases, vitamin B2 is combined with other drugs.

Therapeutic uses of riboflavin

Pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract

It is especially important to use vitamin B2 for toxic lesions of the digestive organs, in particular, Botkin's disease. This pathology leads to dysfunction of the liver (carbohydrate, antitoxic, pigment) and pancreas (endocrine). As a result, riboflavin metabolism and insular activity of the blood are inhibited. The severe course of the disease is accompanied by a sharp decrease in lactoflavin in urine. According to Dr. T. N. Zabelina, vitamin B2, as part of the complex therapy of Botkin's disease, improves blood and urine laboratory parameters (Quick test, bilirubin level). As the recovery progresses, there is an increase in the excretion of riboflavin in the urine. This phenomenon is used as an indicator of the severity of the course of an infectious disease. In addition, riboflavin metabolism is also disturbed in other liver abnormalities (cirrhosis, fatty degeneration, structural degeneration). Since the affected organ is "not able" to accumulate the nutrient, as a result, hypovitaminosis gradually develops. In view of this, the use of vitamin B2 is a clinically sound decision. If the patient has diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (enterocolitis, anacid gastritis, gastroesophageal reflux, dysfunction of the small intestine), due to which the natural absorption of the vitamin is disturbed, the drug should be administered parenterally.

Heart disease

These pathologies in 95% of cases are accompanied by metabolic disorders in the myocardium. Vitamin B2, as part of complex therapy, helps to normalize metabolism in the heart muscle, since the maximum amount of riboflavin is deposited in it.

Pathology of the endocrine ring

Increased thyroid function and Graves' disease increase the excretion of vitamin B2 in the urine. Therefore, in the presence of these problems, it is advisable to take riboflavin additionally. In addition, the excretion of a substance with urine is increased by pathologies of the pancreas, in particular, diabetes mellitus. Parenteral administration of the nutrient compensates for its deficiency and causes a short-term decrease in hyperglycemia. Violation of riboflavin metabolism is also relevant for people suffering from Addison's disease. In this case, the excretion of a useful compound in the urine is reduced by 3 times. Therefore, along with vitamin B2, a drug is used - deoxycorticosterone. The steroid hormone, acting on the adrenal cortex, stimulates the phosphorylation of riboflavin. As a result, normalization of the urinary excretion of the substance occurs.

Dermatology

Vitamin B2 is used in the treatment of streptococcal skin lesions, erythroderma, seborrheic eczema, exfoliative dermatitis, burns, photodermatosis.

Ophthalmic diseases

Metabolic processes in the eye proceed with the participation of lactoflavin. Therefore, the presence of ophthalmic pathologies (primary glaucoma, presenile cataract, corneal vascularization, non-infectious conjunctivitis, keratitis of unknown etiology) and functional visual disorders are direct indications for additional intake of vitamin B2. In addition, the nutrient is used in the treatment caused by eye fatigue. In the treatment of these diseases, riboflavin is used parenterally, orally and topically. For external use, the optimal form of release is eye drops (2%).

At the obstetric clinic

In pregnant women, in 80% of cases, a reduced concentration of riboflavin in the blood. This problem is especially relevant for women in childbirth who suffer from cracked nipples. Prophylactic intake of the nutrient during pregnancy helps prevent the development of mastitis and reduce pain in the chest by 4 times. How to take vitamin B2? Expectant mothers (in the last trimester) are recommended to enter into the diet 20 milligrams of the substance per day, and women, within a week after childbirth, 20 milligrams twice a day. If cracks are present on the nipples, it is advisable to combine oral intake of the nutrient (20 milligrams 2 times a day) with topical treatment with riboflavin ointment. To do this, a 2% solution is applied to the lesion three times a day after feeding.

In cosmetology

Given the fact that lactoflavin is a “skin” vitamin, a good complexion is impossible without it. The consumption of B2-containing products in combination with the external use of riboflavin masks (1 time per week) leads to the activation of oxygen “transportation” to the tissues and improves the functioning of capillaries. This reduces acne, improves complexion and accelerates the process of skin regeneration. Vitamin B2 is indispensable for hair and nails, as it helps to normalize the metabolism of fatty acids. When choosing riboflavin cosmetics, it is important to carefully consider the brand reputation and cost. The production of high-quality products that contain a high concentration of the active substance is a labor-intensive and materially costly process. Therefore, many companies, using a negligible amount of vitamin, hide the true composition of the drug. The exception is some professional brands that are used by cosmetologists (Academie Scientifique de Beaute, Adonia Organics, Hysqia, Adina Cosmetics Professional, Beaubelle).

Diseases of the newborn

Determination of bilirubin in the blood of a child is a direct indication for phototherapy. With light exposure, in addition to the destruction of the toxin that causes jaundice, there is a natural breakdown of vitamin B2. In view of this, the nutrient is included in the complex therapy of newborns. The daily norm of riboflavin for children (0 to 6 months) is 0.3 milligrams.

For weight loss

Vitamin B2 is involved in the synthesis of thyroid hormones, which regulates the metabolism in the body. Therefore, for a person who wants to lose weight, this nutrient is a daily “helper”. Increase the daily dosage of riboflavin should only be prescribed by the attending physician.

Thus, vitamin B2 or riboflavin is one of the most important water-soluble vitamins, a substance of “health and beauty”, a coenzyme of most biochemical processes, an engine of the body in the processes of energy production in cells, a growth stimulator and the best assistant in the treatment of neurological and eye diseases. The compound plays a key role in the course of redox reactions, in the work of the cardiac, digestive, and nervous systems. Therefore, for the well-being of a person, it is important to ensure a systematic (daily) intake of riboflavin in the body in the amount of the required daily allowance.

Place of work: LLC “SL Medical Group”, Maikop.

Education:1990-1996, North Ossetian State Medical Academy.

Training:

1. In 2016, at the Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, she completed advanced training under the additional professional program "Therapy" and was admitted to medical or pharmaceutical activities in the specialty of therapy.

2. In 2017, by the decision of the examination committee at a private institution of additional professional education "Institute for Advanced Training of Medical Personnel", she was admitted to medical or pharmaceutical activities in the specialty radiology.

Experience: therapist - 18 years, radiologist - 2 years.

Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) is one of the most important vitamins for the human body. Its role is quite significant in such biochemical processes as redox reactions, the conversion of amino acids, the synthesis of other vitamins in the body, etc. The beneficial properties of vitamin B2 are quite wide, without this vitamin the normal functioning of all body systems is almost impossible.

Benefits of vitamin B2:

Vitamin B2 belongs to flavins. This is a yellowish substance that tolerates heat well, but is destroyed by exposure to ultraviolet rays. This vitamin is needed for the formation of certain hormones and red blood cells, and is also involved in the synthesis of adenosine triphosphoric acid (ATP - the "fuel of life"), protects the retina from the harmful effects of ultraviolet rays, increases visual acuity and adaptation in the dark.

Vitamin B2, due to its beneficial properties, is actively involved in the process of reproduction of stress hormones in the body. People whose work is associated with constant nervous overload and overstrain, stress and "nervousness" are required to ensure that their diet is enriched with riboflavin. Because as a result of the constant negative impact on the nervous system, the reserves of vitamin B2 in the body are depleted and the nervous system remains unprotected, like a bare wire that "one has only to touch."

Riboflavin is necessary for the normal breakdown of fats, proteins and carbohydrates. It affects the normal functioning of the body, due to the fact that it is part of many enzymes and flavoproteins (special biologically active substances). Athletes, and people whose work takes place under conditions of constant physical exertion, need a vitamin as a "fuel converter" - it transforms fats and carbohydrates into energy. In other words, vitamin B2 is involved in the conversion of sugars into energy.

The beneficial properties of vitamin B2 have a significant impact on the appearance and condition of the skin. Riboflavin is also called the "beauty vitamin" - the beauty and youthfulness of the skin, its elasticity and firmness depend on its presence.

Vitamin B2 is necessary for the renewal and growth of tissues, it has a beneficial effect on the nervous system, liver and mucous membranes. Riboflavin affects the normal development of the fetus during pregnancy and the growth of the child's body. Vitamin B2 reduces the impact of negative factors on the cells of the nervous system, it takes part in immune processes, and in the restoration of mucous membranes, including the stomach, due to which it is used in the treatment of peptic ulcer.

Signs of vitamin B2 deficiency:

The appearance of peeling on the skin of the lips, around the mouth, on the ears, wings of the nose and nasolabial folds.
Burning in the eyes (as if sand had been caught).
Redness, watery eyes.
Cracks in the lips and at the corners of the mouth.
Long healing of wounds.
Fear of light and excessive phlegm.

Due to a slight but long-term deficiency of vitamin B2, cracks in the lips may not appear, but the upper lip will decrease, which is especially noticeable in older people. Lack of riboflavin is caused by diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, due to which the absorption of nutrients is disturbed, a lack of complete proteins, as well as vitamin B2 antagonists (some antidepressants and tranquilizers, medications with sulfur, alcohol). During fevers, oncology and thyroid problems, the body needs additional doses of riboflavin, as these diseases increase the consumption of the substance.

A prolonged deficiency of vitamin B2 leads to a slowdown in brain reactions, this process is especially noticeable in children - academic performance decreases, a developmental and growth lag appears. A constant lack of riboflavin causes degradation of brain tissue, with the further development of various forms of mental disorders and nervous diseases.

The daily intake of vitamin B2 largely depends on the emotionality of a person, the greater the emotional load, the more riboflavin should be supplied to the body. Women per day need to receive at least 1.2 mg of riboflavin, and men 16 mg. The need for riboflavin increases during pregnancy (up to 3 mg per day) and breastfeeding, during stress and excessive physical exertion.

Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) is a necessary component to ensure the full functioning of the body. It is important to get it with food, and occasionally replenish the stocks of the necessary substance with the help of pharmaceutical preparations. To do this, you should figure out where vitamin B2 is most contained, and which vitamin complexes guarantee complete absorption of the substance.

Riboflavin is involved in every process in the body. With its lack, various failures and diseases begin. But it is quite difficult to achieve an overabundance if you do not eat meals with a high content of B2 every day.

The role of vitamin B2 in the human body:

important for maintaining carbohydrate and lipid metabolism;
children need for full growth;
without it, it is impossible to properly digest protein and gain muscle mass;
helps the process of hematopoiesis and is involved in the production of other important enzymes such as glycogen (burns sugar);
prevents the formation of blood clots;
facilitates the absorption of fats from the intestines;
speeds up metabolism;
reduces eye strain and improves vision;
in combination with vitamin A helps maintain the beauty and health of the skin, hair, nails;
strengthens sleep;
relieves stress;
prevents the occurrence of mental disorders.

What foods contain the most?

Vitamin B2 is found in many vegetables and fruits. However, among the richest in riboflavin content, animal products predominate. Moreover, in red meat and offal it is more than in fish or chicken.

Record holders in the list of foods rich in vitamin B2 per 100 g:

brewer's and baker's yeast - from 2 to 4 mg;
lamb liver - 3 mg;
beef and pork liver - 2.18 mg;
chicken liver - 2.1 mg;
beef kidneys - 1.8 mg;
pork kidneys - 1.56 mg;
- 1 mg;
almonds - 0.8 mg.

It is important to consider that not all 100% of vitamins are absorbed from simple foods. Some of them are lost during heat treatment, and some - in the process of growing animals, poultry, fish, crops for mass food production.

Other Foods Rich in Vitamin B2

One way or another, vitamin B2 is part of many foods, but not all foods are rich in riboflavin in sufficient quantities. To provide the body with the necessary amount of B2, you should pay attention to additional products.

Here are more food groups with vitamin B2 content at a concentration of 0.1 to 0.5 mg per 100 g:

Vegetable oils- grape seed, almond, wheat germ. It is important to use unrefined products. Butter of animal origin is also rich in the vitamin.
natural juices from vegetables and fruits. Lots of B2 in grapes.
nuts- , cashews, pecans, pistachios and brazil nuts.
Porridges and cereals- buckwheat, rye, wheat. When choosing flour, give preference to whole grain or coarse grinding, but not the highest grade.
Cabbage all varieties, and green salad and spinach rich in vitamin B2.
Dried fruits- figs and dates.
Milk products. 100 g of high-quality cottage cheese and hard cheese contains 1/5 of the daily dose of the vitamin. But in yogurt and kefir it is not so much.

If you follow the principles of proper nutrition, then to a greater extent you can provide your body with the necessary amount of B2.

The daily norm of vitamin B2 and the rules for assimilation by the body

For the full functioning of the body, you need to take a certain amount of vitamin per day:

women- 1.8 mg;
pregnant- 2 mg;
breastfeeding mothers- 2.2 mg, in some cases up to 3 mg;
children and newborns- from 2 mg to 10 mg;
men- 2 mg.

For the full assimilation of riboflavin, additional trace elements are required -, copper and. They are found in meat and offal, so liver and other meat ingredients are considered better sources of riboflavin.

The best pharmacy complexes with vitamin B2

Riboflavin is included in most multivitamin preparations, and is also available in mono-products - ampoules and tablets. They are most often prescribed for the treatment of diseases, when it is necessary to increase the dose of the enzyme tenfold. It is impossible to use such forms without the advice of a doctor.

In the optimal amount, the vitamin is contained in the complexes, Vitrum. Special male and female preparations, for example, Men's Formula or Complivit Perinatal for pregnant women, also contain the correct dosage of the enzyme.

Vitamin B2 should be present in the optimal amount in the diet of every person and especially a growing baby. To maintain the required amount of riboflavin in the body, it is not enough to be limited to animal and plant products alone. It is also important to select proven, popular vitamin complexes with vitamin B2, after consulting with your doctor first.

What foods have the most vitamin B2? Who discovered riboflavin and when is it used? How many mg does an adult need? How does it interact with other drugs and affect the formation of blood cells? How to understand that the body lacks this vitamin?

The content of the article:

Riboflavin is yellowish-orange needle-like crystals with a bitter taste. The biologically active form of riboflavin is called flavin adenine dinucleotide, which is synthesized in the human body in the liver, kidneys and some tissues. Another derivative is riboflavin-5-phosphoric acid, which can be found naturally in raw yeast.

Synonyms of riboflavin: ovoflavin, lactoflavin, hepatoflavin, uroflavin, verdoflavin, beflavin, betavitam, beflavit, flavitol, flavaxin, lactobene, vitaflavin, ribovin, vitaplex B2. All names indicate the sources from which vitamin B2 was originally isolated - these are eggs, milk, plants, liver, urine.

Discovery of vitamin B2

This substance was first discovered by the scientist Bliss in 1879, and in 1932 it was identified as riboflavin (Vitamin B2).

The action of riboflavin

It improves the process of energy mechanisms, helps to burn sugar. In combination with phosphoric acid and proteins, in the presence of trace elements (for example, magnesium), it creates enzymes that are needed for transporting oxygen and metabolizing saccharides.

Riboflavin, together with folic acid, is involved in the formation of new blood cells in the bone marrow and, together with thiamine, helps to better absorb iron. Therefore, patients with anemia and pregnant women are prescribed iron supplements with folic acid and vitamin B2.

What factors reduce the content of riboflavin?

It is destroyed by underactive or overactive thyroid, as well as drugs, boric acid, and oral contraceptives.

All the characteristic properties of this substance must be taken into account when cooking. If you cook food in an open pan and drain the water, then the loss of vitamin will be great. It also breaks down when beef and vegetables are thawed for 14 hours in the light. To preserve the right amount of vitamins, it is advisable to defrost food in the oven, wrapped in aluminum foil, or put them directly in boiling water.

In the food industry, it is used as a food coloring (E101) or for food enrichment.

Vitamin B2 Interaction

Riboflavin is exposed to sunlight, poorly soluble in water, ethanol, insoluble in acetone, diethyl ether, benzene, chloroform. Quickly "dies" in an alkaline and persists in an acidic environment.
Thyroidin enhances the conversion of vitamin B2 into its active coenzyme forms.
Used for psychosis and depression, chlorpromazine inhibits the conversion of riboflavin into a coenzyme form, and spironolactone blocks it.
Drugs capable of inhibiting riboflavin metabolism are imipramine, tricyclic antidepressants, and amitriptyline.
Boric acid can increase the loss (excretion) of vitamin B2, while in the treatment of boric acid poisoning, on the contrary, riboflavin is used.

Daily dose of vitamin B2

For women, it is 1.2 mg, for men - 1.6 mg. Pregnant women, as well as those who consume a lot of meat and protein products, need more (3 mg).

What foods contain vitamin B2?

Most of all it is found in baker's dried yeast, then in descending order are fresh yeast, milk powder, mackerel, almonds, cocoa, chicken eggs and, veal, peanuts, dry legumes, flour, lamb, beef, buckwheat, oatmeal, spinach, green peas, cauliflower, potatoes, cottage cheese.

You should know that:

The softer the cottage cheese, the more whey it contains, and hence vitamin B2.
Milk in a glass container loses more riboflavin in daylight (such as by a window).
In a couple of hours, milk in transparent bottles can lose up to 50% of this vitamin.
Part of the vitamin will be lost if vegetables are washed in a large volume of water, and this also happens during long storage (about 1% per day).

Consequences of deficiency (hypovitaminosis) and overdose of vitamin B2

Weakness;
Decreased appetite, weight loss;
Headache, skin burning;
Violation of twilight vision, pain in the eyes;
angular stomatitis;
Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the tongue and oral cavity;
Seborrheic dermatitis of the labial folds and nose;
Hair loss, skin dermatitis;
Blepharitis, conjunctivitis;
Slow mental reaction, growth retardation.

The human body is unable to store riboflavin, and virtually any excess will be excreted in the urine. The only thing that can indicate its excess is the staining of urine in a bright yellow color.

Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) is one of the most important water-soluble elements for humans, an activator of biological processes. This compound is poorly soluble in alcohol and water with an elevated pH level, and is stable in an acidic environment. Riboflavin is destroyed by exposure to sunlight and alkali.

Functions of vitamin B2 in the body:

Increases and accelerates metabolic processes in the body;
Participates in protein, carbohydrate and fat metabolism;
Necessary for the formation of blood antibodies and bodies;
Promotes cell growth and respiration;
Oxygenates the cells of the skin, nails and hair;
Improves vision, prevents the development of cataracts;
Has a positive effect on the mucous membranes of the digestive tract;
Accelerates the activation of pyridoxine (B6) in the body.

With the help of vitamin B2, skin diseases, sluggish healing wounds, eye diseases, disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, diabetes, anemia and cirrhosis of the liver are treated and prevented.

Riboflavin was isolated from the B group of vitamins in 1933 as a heat-resistant element from a yellow-colored substance.

Sources

Vitamin B2 is found in various foods.

plant sources

Bread;
Yeast;
Vegetables - green leafy;
Cereals - oatmeal, buckwheat;
Legumes - green peas;
Cereal crops - shells and germs.

Animal sources

Meat;
By-products - kidneys, liver;
Fish;
Egg white;
Dairy products - cheese, milk, pressed cottage cheese, yogurt.

Daily rate

The daily requirement for riboflavin increases with age (with the exception of older age), increased physical activity, and oral contraceptive use. Alcohol contributes to the deformation of the mechanism of absorption of riboflavin, so people who abuse alcoholic beverages need an additional intake of this vitamin.

Vitamin B2 is given orally (in tablets, powders or dragees) or as injections and eye drops. The course of treatment for different age groups is a month or a half, depending on the state of the body.

For kids

From 0 to 6 months - 0.5 mg;
From 6 months to a year - 0.6 mg;
From one to three years - 0.9 mg;
From 4 to 6 years - 1.0 mg;
From 7 to 10 years - 1.4 mg.

For men

From 11 to 14 years old - 1.7 mg;
From 15 to 18 years - 1.8 mg;
From 19 to 59 years old - 1.5 mg;
From 60 to 74 years - 1.6 mg;
From 75 years and older - 1.4 mg.

For women

From 11 to 14 years old - 1.5 mg;
From 15 to 18 years - 1.5 mg;
From 19 to 59 years old - 1.3 mg;
From 60 to 74 years - 1.5 mg;
From 75 years and older - 1.3 mg;
Pregnant women - +0.3 mg;
Nursing - + 0.5 mg.

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Signs of shortage

A reduced content or absence of riboflavin in the body leads to the development of hyporiboflavinosis, which eventually develops into ariboflavinosis, which is characterized by damage to the skin, mucous membranes of the mouth, nervous system and organs of vision.

With a lack of vitamin B2, there are:

Decreased appetite and body weight;
General weakness and headaches;
Burning sensation on the skin;
Cutting in the eyes and impaired visibility in the dark;
Pain in the corners of the mouth and lower lip.

A long-term deficiency of this element in the body leads to sad consequences: acne stomatitis, inflammation of the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, seborrheic dermatitis of the labial folds and nose, hair loss and skin lesions, digestive disorders, conjunctivitis, mental retardation, and growth retardation.

Hypovitaminosis of this element in the body primarily affects the state of the brain tissue, as well as the absorption of iron and the state of the thyroid gland.

Effects

Vitamin B2 is consumed very quickly in the human body, as a result of which daily replenishment of this element is mandatory. To prevent the occurrence and development of diseases against the background of a lack of riboflavin, you should try to keep as much vitamin B2 in food as possible or fill the daily requirement by taking vitamin complex preparations.

A long-term deficiency of riboflavin leads to the following consequences:

Burning pains in the legs;
Keratitis and cataract;
Stomatitis and glossitis;
Anemia and muscle weakness.

Overdose

An excess of riboflavin in medical practice is a rare case, and its excessive introduction into the body does not have any unpleasant consequences, except for itching, numbness and slight burning, but these symptoms quickly disappear.