Famous places in Wales. Roads, mountains and cities of Gwynedd. Wales, UK. Official language and currency
We went north to Gwynedd, the most powerful and proud principality of Wales, it resisted the longest, from here Maxen Vledig (Magnus Maximus) left at one time to become emperor of Rome and die. It is here, in Carnarvon, that the English Prince of Wales is crowned.
Initially, it was assumed that we, having seen enough of the wastelands of the Cumbrian Mountains, would simply drive from Aberystwyth to Caernarvon, bypassing the pathos of the Snowdonia National Park and other small trials. Sit down, let's go. But the slopes of the mountains seen from the window, the small but surprisingly individual towns were so wonderful that I could not resist. Less than six months later, we Alenka returned here to take a more detailed walk around these towns and mountains.
Music for mood:
So Gwynedd is the northeast corner of Wales.
In the center is Mount Snowdon, the highest mountain in Wales (only 1085 m above sea level). Between its spurs and the spurs of the Cabrian mountains there are small but isolated valleys. In these valleys, the Welsh were firmly held before, and now everything is very individual and nice. So Welsh-Welsh.
And most importantly, all this is so close “to people” that you inevitably admire even from the bus window. For even more aesthetic enjoyment, there is an antique railway from Porthmadog to Caernarfon - the Welsh Highland Railway.
Porthmadog itself is just one of those very individual small towns.
If in the south of Wales the main mountain treasure was coal, then here is slate (well, this is taking into account the fact that silver, gold, lead and copper were mined throughout Wales). Previously, slate was exported through Pormadog. Now it is a bright port village on the coast, inevitable for transfers if you go by public transport.
Street decorated with flags.
Throughout Wales, Camry flags are ubiquitous. Here, in Porthmadog, I remember the main street, where a banner hung on every house. Three strictly alternated - the red dragon of Wales, the yellow cross on a black background - the flag of St. David (the patron saint of Wales) and the flag of Gwynedd - with yellow and red lions. Here it is customary to be proud of their country, region and even district.
In Portmadog, I was surprised by the decision to transport schoolchildren after school - by the time the shift at school ends, suburban buses call in at the school and wait for the students. The schedule even specifically states - "travels through the school." We are with Alenka got on this when we were driving in the evening to Crikkiet (Criccieth). Welsh schoolchildren are exactly like ours. Noisy, unceremonious, funny. It is argued that it is here, in Gwynedd, that the Welsh language is most common. As if to confirm this, Porthmadog's schoolchildren spoke Welsh. Only twice in Wales heard kamraeg, the second - in one of the pubs of Caernarvon, parents talked with children.
What is also funny - in Welsh for "school" - "ysgol" - the stairs are also called. It can be assumed that this word goes back to the schools of bards, and those to the druids, when training meant rising from one stage of initiation to another.
On the outskirts of Porthmadog is a landmark - a circle of standing stones on a sports field. He was also seen from the bus window.
Photo taken from here
Straight round table and a ring of knights. Very impressive stuff. True, the modern one is a romantic remake.
There are plenty of real antiquities in this part of Wales. Not far from Aberystwyth, on the road to Machynlleth in the village of Tre Teliesin is the cairn Bedd Taliesin (Taliesin's Tomb), obviously not related to the great bard, but still old.
In the western part of the principality, near Llanaelhearn, there is a noble settlement - Tre`r Ceiri (meaning "City of Giants"), where you can see the round foundations of houses, so characteristic of the pre-Roman Celts from Spain to Scotland. In the eastern part of the country, above the remains of Fort Caerhun (Roman Canovium), there is the settlement of Pen-y-Gaer, which has preserved pieces of the defensive system - parts of a stone wall, ditches and anti-cavalry "stone foreheads". From Caerhun there is an old Roman road going towards Caernarvon, where you can cross the hills and go down to the sea.
Interesting house in Mostyn
There are two such settlements not far from the road from Aberystwyth to Caernarvon - Bryn y Castell near the town of Ffestinog and Dinas Emrys (one and a half kilometers northeast of Beddgelert - Beddgelerth).
The latter, the city of Emrys (Vol. dinas = city), is interesting because it was built up already in the post-Roman period and is directly connected with the legends of Wales and the Arthurian cycle. It is alleged that this city was associated with Abrosius (Emrys Vledig, father of Merlin), who lost to Vortigern in the struggle for the crown of all the Britons (according to another version, Vortigern defeated the post-Roman ruler Constans, the father of Ambrosius and Uther). Vortigern turned out to be a "bad king", was cruel, called the Saxons, and fell in a war with Ambrosius' brother Uther Pendragon. Thus Uther, who did not give birth to Arthur in a very noble way.
Black-headed Sheep of Wales
So Vortigern wanted to build up here on Dinas Emrys, but he did not succeed. Everything that the masons erected during the day was destroyed at night. Merlin, who arrived at the court, shamanized and discovered that under the hill there is a cave and an underground lake, they sleep in it, and white and red dragons fight at night. The lake was dug up, the dragons were freed, they fought and disappeared. Merlin announced that white meant Saxons and red meant Britons. And as the red defeated the white, so the victory will be for the Britons. Merlin lived that way. It was later that the Saxons nevertheless overcame and, in accordance with the rules of English humanism, massacred all the Britons up to Offa's rampart. By the way, the red dragon on the Welsh flag is also due to this legend.
So it is claimed that the cave with these dragons was located exactly under Dinas Emris. This idea is exploited by one of the local attractions - King Arthur's Labyrinth in the town of Corris (Corris) between the cities of Machynlleth and Dolgellau. The organizers promise to descend into vast caves, mines and even ride on an underground lake.
The mountains of Kadar Idris (Cadair Idris = "the throne of Idris the giant"), it is under them that the very "labyrinth of King Arthur".
A very characteristic example of the highlands of Gwynedd are hills, hedges and sheep.
On both trips, it was not possible to find time to visit these antiquities. Too captured the towns and picturesque turns of the road. Here the very state of the trip somehow changed. The perception of the two points between which you are traveling has disappeared. The understanding came that you can always get off the bus and stay.
You look out the window, you see that the town is nice, you go out, and you stay. And it turns out that you have a transfer there, wander around the town, take a look, decide that you can sit here a little more and go on the next bus. As a result, the memory keeps both the general mood and some very impressionistic pictures.
Barmouth floating out of the fog, pressed against the sea by a rock.
Strict and bustling road passing through the center.
Morning market in Barmouth:
Quiet autumn area:
In Harlech, the train stood for twenty or thirty minutes. The conductor said that we were standing for a long time and we could go out to stand. Sensing visitors in us, he even persuaded us to look at the famous castle of Harlech (Harlech), the residence of Edward Longnogoy during the Welsh wars. There was a hell of a fog, it was raining, so this picture remained in my memory - the fog rushing in tufts over my head and the ghostly castle oscillating in these impulses, so gloomy and impregnable, as if the war had not yet ended.
Another town, Dolgellau, on the contrary, was remembered by the sun.
The first time we just drove through it, but the town, all built of gray stone, as if it was built by one hand, attracted and demanded to return. in November from Alenka we came to have a good look at the place, built in the same style, such a rarity for our eclectic times.
On this day, by the way, somehow we were totally unlucky with transport. Suddenly, the precise mechanics of British railways and buses failed. At first, the bus, which was supposed to pick us up from Crissiet to Porthmadog at seven in the morning, did not come, then the train passed with a delay. In Dolgekhlai, where we had to transfer, the buses arranged a carousel, incomprehensible even to the uncle from the tourist center, who only poked his finger at the schedule and looked around in confusion.
A very characteristic street picture is walking yourself, accompanied by an indispensable border collie.
But we walked around Dolgekhlai, a city of the same style.
We sat in a tiny cafe, marveling at how diverse and harmonious the city can look when it somehow observes a single look.
And they rejoiced at the sun, under which the gray stone of the town plays like a colored one.
We did not look closely at the standing stones, but we visited a stone roadside cross near the village of Whitford. The post describes how to get there.
So there are a lot of stone crosses all over Wales. But for the most part they are in churchyards, and here he remained as he was at the old crossroads.
Crossroads…
... and behind the bushes on the field - a cross:
All so covered with a tie that ties together the Celtic and Scandinavian history of the Dee Valley
We got through the town of Flint, which is remembered for a wonderful iron leg at the station.
This is where we got off the train from Manchester Airport when I arrived in Wales for the second time in November. The best memories of the divine taste of the local ale were so strong that, having fifteen minutes before the bus, I dragged Alenka to the nearest pub, where they drank a mug of pleasure for 80 rubles and the road became even more wonderful.
off the coast a whole chain of Edwardian castles was built here, keeping the Welsh out of the sea. But inland, between Snowdon and the Cumbrian mountains, Welsh antiquities and culture lasted much longer. It was here that the old castles built by the Welsh themselves were located. In particular, the two residences of the princes of Gwynedd - Doludelan (Dolwyddelan, between the towns of Blaenau Ffestinog and Betws-y-Coed) and Dolbadarn (Dolbadarn, in the village of Llanberis - the name of the village is directly analogous to our Settlement). South of Doluidellan (from the village of Bronaber) the great Roman road Sarn Helen begins and goes south, probably from Carmarthen to Fort Conovium (near Aberconwy).
This structure is easily mistaken for a section of the Roman road south of Snowdon. In fact, this is an embankment of a narrow-gauge railway that has not survived.
Another hiking trail laid out to collect "all the fun" is the Glyndwr`s Way, through places associated with the last great rebel of Wales. Owen Glyndwr at the turn of the XIV and XV centuries managed not only to raise a successful uprising against the British, but also for a short time liberate almost all of Wales. Of course, he lost, but he was not defeated - no one knows where and when he died. There is a legend that he is still waiting in the wings to return and still hang on to insidious civilizers and humanists.
The road to the copper mine in the spurs of Snowdon.
We did not aim at such long roads. Moreover, initially the pathos of the carefully promoted Snowdon did not arouse curiosity at all. But, when we drove past in August, I realized that the region is beautiful and I must definitely return.
Thanks to desperate benevolence Alenki it really worked out. It was conceived from Flint to drive to Hlanberi (Llanberis), to look at Dolbadarn Castle. Climb Snowdon in the morning, go down the southern slope, cross the ridge to the south of it and go down to Doluidelan Castle. All together - about 30 kilometers. Is quite real.
Steam locomotive to the top of Snowdon - you can climb effortlessly, but only until the last days of October.
It gets dark early in November, so that by about eight o'clock in Hlanbury it seemed like the dead of night. There were no extra tourists, there was no illumination of the castle. We barely found old Dolbadarn. Until our times, only one donjon has remained from it. But the more interesting it is - such were the castles of the early Middle Ages - a lonely high tower in which the owner of the castle and his squad lived. With a high wooden staircase, which was burned during the siege.
In November at night, in the darkness even thicker because of the low clouds, the castle made a stunning impression. When you stand on wet stones in front of a high and dark tower, it seems almost alive. The past thousand years seem to be a mere trifle, there are no these conventions of time, here it is an old stone and an old tower in front of you, flesh from the flesh of the darkness that surrounds you. And also the wind and the sound of water ... absolutely amazing experience.
These sensations touched me so much that in the morning they did not return there around the world, so as not to mix and disturb. Instead, the ascent to Snowdon began at dusk.
The path leading there is very well groomed.
Around, of course, are the indispensable lambs, the basis of the woolen well-being of Wales and cloth-making England.
Near the railway
And around unexpected colors and colors for autumn.
And, of course, the mountains of Snowdonia. Quiet, silent and calm.
The height of Snowdon is only 1085 meters, but this is enough for the clouds to cling to its top. When approaching the top, I had to accept that the cloud was still not going anywhere and we had to climb straight into it or return.
It was not at all interesting to return, and we continued on our way. The hedgehog from the cartoon descended into the fog, and we climbed into the cloud.
Portal to milky haze
In the fog, the mountains are completely, completely different than in the sun. This idea seems to be obvious, but you can fully feel it only with your gut when you find yourself there.
The world loses clarity and space, shrinks to a couple of tens of meters, beyond which there is not just nothing, but literally an abyss. Such a non-illusory allegory of the degree of human knowledge.
Stairs to the top of Snowdon.
On the southern spurs, the paved path ends, although it is still clear where to go. In general, in the sense of navigation, these mountains are not at all scary - in the range of 10 kilometers (not at all stressful on foot), just go down all the time, you will always come out to housing and people.
The non-illusory edge of everything:
When we moved to the southern slope, it turned out that the cloud does not just hang on the top, it is supported by the wind there, driving all new clouds and fogs up the slope. It became cold, dank, very wet and nothing was visible at all.
On the one hand, it is a pity that wonderful panoramas did not open.
But on the other hand, these pictures, stones and slopes emerging from the cloud, this is a very special feeling. In particular, along the southern spur there are stones of a special shape - they are carved by the wind and resemble spikes along the back of a dragon. When there is space around, they would look more simple. And here arose its own, unique feeling - wind, cloud and sharp, you will cut your hand, stones on the ridge.
Alas, in this place the wind so diligently blew spray down the slope that it literally rained from the bottom up. I ventured to take pictures only a little later, when the water became smaller.
Interestingly, we still met not even one, but two whole groups that passed towards us. Even at this time, considered winter by the locals, the route was clearly in demand.
Wet and chilled, we descended into the valley between the southern spurs and the wind immediately died down. And soon we even got out of the cloud.
Straight to the route of the disappeared industrial narrow-gauge railway, like a Roman road ...
And an old copper mine.
There is even a small cascade on the stream here.
Near which the ruins of either a mill or a crusher, once driven by falling water, are visible.
It was expected that the views from Snowdon would be the most amazing, but it turned out that this small but very solid valley was more spectacular. Maybe she's just terribly suited to be under a cloud.
In this state, she is something completely different, making autumn unexpectedly attractive.
When we descended into the Nantgwynant valley, the weather deteriorated hopelessly. Not only did the cloud hang over the ridge over which one would have to go to Doluidelan, but it also began to rain.
What is absolutely great about this style of travel is the ability to always give a damn about the planned route and go wherever your eyes look. So we did, waited for the nearest bus (we didn’t even have time to drop into the nearest tavern and drink ale) and drove to Criccieth, by the sea.
Here, too, there is a castle on a rock above the sea, founded by Hlywelyn the Great and rebuilt by the Normans.
There is also the sea...
... picturesque
…and mercy.
The locals consider the town so quiet and homey that they don’t even hang curtains on the windows. It was already dark when we walked down the street, but it turned out that we shared the evening with those British people who sat in the living rooms in front of the TV or in the old rocking chairs by the fireplaces.
Two great things met here - a pub that had under-seat heaters and an overnight stay for just £25 (usually £40-80). And for this money, the owners gave the whole apartment - two rooms, a kitchen and a separate bathroom.
The promenade, on which guest houses cluster.
This number was also distinguished by the insidiousness of paying for electricity. There was a cunning meter that turned on the electricity only by eating a one pound coin. He swallowed it, counted how much good he burned, and cut out the light. So it's always worth having some change with you.
Krikiet was also remembered for the fact that the locals did not really know how to pronounce its name. On the one hand, the driver identified him as Chrissiet. And on the other, a little to the south, no one could say exactly how it should be. Either Krikiet, or Krikiet. In general, as Wikipedia says, “There is no consistent systemic correlation between the spelling of words and phonology, that is, without knowing the traditional pronunciation in advance, it is not always possible to read the word “from the sheet” correctly. English is so charming...
After warming and drying off at Crissieth, we set out early the next morning through Barmouth to Dolgehlai, as I have already described above.
Later, we still drove to the main attractions of Gwynedd - the fortress-cities of Caernarvon and Conwy, about this.
But, despite the weather and difficulties, for some reason it was this part of Wales that left a feeling of complete travel will. For some reason, it was she, who seemed so unfriendly, who brought pleasant surprises in the most difficult conditions. Here, somehow, the unusualness and attractiveness of this wonderful land, all its dissimilarity to close England, was felt somehow sharper and clearer.
Even now, after two trips, I would return to this particular part of the country to walk again through the hills and roads, from one beautiful town to another.
Caernarvon Castle is one of the most stunning fortresses in Europe. Situated on a peninsula and surrounded by the waters of the Menai Strait, the castle is a symbol of Wales' resistance to English rule.
According to the plan of King Edward I, Caernarvon was to become an impregnable residence of the King of Wales and his family. To ensure maximum security, 9 towers were erected, gates and outer walls were fortified, the thickness of which in some places reaches 6 meters.
Despite numerous restorations and rebuildings, the castle has been perfectly preserved. Today it is open to visitors. all year round. Carnarvon has become a must-see for tourists. In addition, local authorities use it for various colorful festivals.
Coordinates: 53.13978300,-4.27693000
Conwy Castle
Conwy Castle, located in the town of the same name on the north coast of Wales, is undoubtedly one of the most impressive European castles. Built by Edward the First at the end of the thirteenth century for a fabulous sum of fifteen thousand pounds, it served as an important defensive point in a number of medieval wars.
The majestic gray sandstone castle is built on a hill above the city. The square space of the castle is divided into inner and outer courtyards, guarded by eight massive towers over twenty meters high. The western (main) and eastern (overlooking the river) gates of the castle are additionally protected by barbicans. Together with the castle, city walls were built, fortified with twenty-one towers.
Conwy Castle is well preserved and today is open to tourists. From the towers of the castle, you can look out over the city below and the mouth of the Conway River.
Coordinates: 53.27997000,-3.82583000
What attractions in Wales did you like? There are icons next to the photo, by clicking on which you can rate a particular place.
Millennium Stadium
The Millennium Stadium was built and opened in the center of Cardiff in 1999 - just before the dawn of the new millennium, which gave it its name. But, of course, the main reason for the opening of the stadium was not this at all, but the Rugby World Cup. The huge structure of the stadium can accommodate about 74,000 spectators, but practice has shown that this number can reach 80,000.
The stadium design was developed by a team of architects led by Rod Sherd. In practice, they got a record-breaking building in several respects at once. It is the first stadium in the UK to have a fully retractable roof, and the second largest stadium in the world to have such a roof system. In addition, Millennium broke the world record for the largest indoor stadium with natural turf. The retractable roof that cost the builders so much and made the stadium a record holder is an invaluable convenience that protects players, fans and artists from any bad weather.
The stadium is owned by Millennium PLC, which in turn is part of the Welsh Rugby Union. This national stadium of Wales, the main home arena of its national team, is widely used not only for matches of the national football and rugby teams, but also for concerts of world stars and international matches.
When no events are being held at the stadium, it can be visited by tourists who wish to view this gigantic building from the inside.
Coordinates: 51.47805600,-3.18250000
Beaumaris Castle was the last castle of the famous "iron ring", with which the English king Edward I forged Wales, who did not want to submit. The castle was built on the Menai Strait, which separates the island of Anglesey from the rest of North Wales. The name of the castle was given by the surrounding landscape and in French means a beautiful swamp.
Beaumaris Castle, like other iron ring castles, was built by Edward's court architect known as Master James of Saint George. Beaumaris was built near the sea, its moat was previously connected to the strait, so that ships could approach the castle itself. The gate and the moat were guarded by massive gate towers. double ring high walls, the inner ones above the outer ones were also protected by many towers. Unfortunately, the castle was never completed, becoming a wonderful symbol of the complete subjugation of Wales.
A small town of the same name arose near the walls of the castle. Having examined the castle, take a walk along its quiet, uncrowded streets. The city has preserved the building of a medieval prison, an old church, a Victorian embankment, as well as a medieval shop that now sells antiques.
Coordinates: 53.26482800,-4.08975800
Caerphilly Castle
Caerphilly Castle is one of the largest castles located in South Wales. The castle rightfully deserves the title of one of the most beautiful castles of the Middle Ages.
The castle was built in 1268-1271 by Lord Gilbert de Claire to protect his own territories. Since 1283, the castle lost its important defensive significance and was abandoned. It began to crumble and fall into decay. Three generations of the marquesses of Bute tried to revive it by restoring individual elements of the architecture. The castle has a peculiarity - the inclination of the south-eastern tower, which occurred in the 17th century during civil war.
The castle has many internal and wall passages that help you quickly move from one part to another. The outer courtyard of the castle is framed by a battlement wall with ledges at the corners and donjons for the entrance, opening good review area outside the castle. Exhibitions are located in the towers of the castle today. The official apartments and the Great Hall, which was restored in the 19th century, are on the south side of the courtyard.
The castle is now run by the Welsh Historic Buildings Protection Agency Kadu and is considered a unique example of 13th-century wartime architecture.
Coordinates: 51.57602900,-3.22036700
Harlech Castle
Harlech is a magnificent old castle by the sea, towering on a rocky cliff. Like many castles in Wales, it was built by the architect James of St. George on the orders of the English King Edward, who conquered this proud land.
The architecture of the castle is of great interest to lovers military history. The entrance to Harlech is protected by drop bars. There are towers at the corners of the castle, which offer a beautiful view of the surrounding area. The secret passages in Harlech are very carefully thought out. One of them allowed during the siege to freely receive ammunition and provisions from the sea.
During its history, the castle was besieged many times. The last fighting here was fought during the Civil War, when the royalist troops, entrenched in the castle, repelled the attacks of parliamentary troops.
Harlech is mentioned in many Celtic legends and tales, in particular, in the legend of Branwen.
Since 1986, Harlech Castle has been on the UNESCO World Heritage List. For tourists, entertainment events are held weekly on its territory - for example, tournaments of historical fencing and medieval dances.
Coordinates: 52.86000400,-4.10919900
cardiff castle
Cardiff Castle crosses out all the usual ideas about medieval castles. Firstly, the castle is located right in the center of the city and is its heart. Secondly, Cardiff today is not ruins, but a perfectly preserved castle that welcomes everyone.
During its history of 2 thousand years, the castle was both a rooming house and a court - until, finally, the authorities took it under their guardianship and turned it into a cultural heritage and pride of Wales.
At the entrance, you are greeted by beautifully restored massive gates, which are already setting tourists up for a meeting with the Middle Ages. In a comprehensive tour, you are invited to watch a short film about the history of the castle, visit the castle itself with chambers, see the bomb shelter and the military museum.
The interior decoration of the castle amazes the layman. Rich woodwork with skillful carvings, colorful stained-glass windows, a rich library. Many tourists say that Cardiff Castle has the most amazing interiors they have ever seen.
But the Clock Tower is considered to be the pearl of the castle. It is colorfully decorated with paintings and small figures that personify the sun and planets.
Aesthetic pleasure is delivered not only by internal luxury, but also by the surrounding areas. There is a garden with a large collection of Mediterranean plants. And proud peacocks walk around the garden itself, which are fed by visitors.
Coordinates: 51.48141800,-3.18076200
Are you curious to know how well you know the sights of Wales? .
Cathedral of Saint David
The beginning of the history of the cathedral is the distant XII century, when Bishop Bernard ordered the construction of a cathedral in honor of St. David. David was famous for bringing Christianity to the lands of the Vikings and the Normans and its spread, after which he was elevated to the rank of saints by the church.
The relics of David were placed in the built cathedral, and two pilgrimages to them were equated to one visit to Rome. After that, believers from all over the world began to gather to the relics of the saint.
The cathedral itself is made in a fairly calm manner, without frills and chic. From the inside, it is decorated with wood and stone carvings, numerous stained-glass scenes.
St. David's Cathedral is not only the religious center of Wales, but also cultural: every year a classical music festival is held here, which gathers many people from all over the world.
Coordinates: 51.88206400,-5.26832800
The most popular attractions in Wales with descriptions and photos for every taste. Choose the best places to visit famous places in Wales on our website.
More attractions in Wales
Wales is a region in the UK. It is located in the south-west of Great Britain and borders on England by land - in the east, and through the Bristol Bay - in the south; in the west, the Strait of St. George separates Wales from Ireland, in the north, the shores of Wales are washed by the Irish Sea. Wales also includes the island of Anglesey off the southwest coast of Great Britain.
Wales is located on a peninsula in the west of the island of Great Britain. total area country is about 20,799 km². The length of the country from north to south is 274 km, from west to east - 97 km. Wales is bordered on the east by England, surrounded on three sides by the sea. The total length of the coastline is more than 1,200 km. There are several islands off the coast of Wales, the largest of which is Anglesey in the northwest.
The population and industrial production are concentrated mainly in the south of Wales, in the cities of Cardiff, Swansea, Newport and surrounding areas. The northeast (Rexham area) is also relatively industrialized; the center and northwest are agricultural areas.
Most of the area of Wales is occupied by mountains, especially in the north and in the center. They were formed during the last ice age, during the Devonian glaciation. The highest mountains are in Snowdonia (Yr Eryri). Mount Snowdon (1085 m above sea level) is the highest point in Wales. The mountain range in the center of Wales is called the Cumbrian Mountains. In the south are the Brecon Beacons (Bannau Brycheiniog), relatively young compared to the Cumbrians and containing significant coal reserves. The Cambrian mountains gave their name to one of the periods of the Paleozoic - the Cambrian.
The modern frontier between England and Wales is highly arbitrary: in general terms it was established in the 16th century, based on the boundaries of fiefs. For about 64 kilometers, it follows Offa's Shaft quite closely. However, then it goes more bizarre: for example, it separates the village of Knighton in Powys from its railway station, makes the village of Church Stoke a virtual Welsh exclave in England, and passes right through the village of Llanimineh.
Approximately one fifth of the territory of Wales has the status of a National Park: rocky peaks and mirror-like surface of lakes, sandy bays and sea bays. At the foot of Mount Snowdonia, in Bryn Bras Castle, there is a park with waterfalls. The edge of the waterfalls is called the place of Vail of Neath, near the Brecon Beacons National Park.
There are more castles for every square kilometer than anywhere else in the world, from romantic ruins to majestic fortresses. The most famous castles built during the reign of the English king Edward I, who conquered Wales in the 13th century, make up the "defensive ring": Harlech Castle, towering on a cliff in the center of Wales, Conwy Castle, located at the mouth of the river and Bowmaris Castle on the island of Anglesey and of course the most impressive castle is Caernarfon. In 1969, this castle was the venue for the formal introduction of the Queen's son Charles to the title of Prince of Wales.
Current time in Cardiff:
(UTC+1)
Political structure
Wales elects 18 members of the British House of Commons. The Secretary of State for Wales is one of the members of the government, endowed with broad administrative powers. He is responsible for the Welsh Office, which oversees local administration.
Wales is divided into 8 counties created by the 1972 law on the reorganization of local government. These new administrative divisions replaced 13 historic counties.
How to get there
Flight Search
to Wales
Vehicle search
for hire
Search flights to Wales
We compare all available flight options for your request, and then we direct you to purchase on the official websites of airlines and agencies. The airfare you see on Aviasales is final. We have removed all hidden services and checkboxes.
We know where to buy cheap air tickets. Plane tickets to 220 countries of the world. Search and compare prices for air tickets among 100 agencies and 728 airlines.
We cooperate with Aviasales.ru and do not take any commissions - the cost of tickets is absolutely the same as on the website.
Car rental search
Compare 900 car rental companies at 53,000 locations.
Search 221 car rental companies worldwide
40,000 points of issue
Easy cancellation or modification of your booking
We cooperate with RentalCars and do not take any commissions - the rental price is absolutely the same as on the website.
Climate and weather in Wales
Wales is open to winds from the Atlantic Ocean, so the climate there is mainly maritime. On the western coast, up to 1270 mm of precipitation falls per year, and to the east of the mountains these figures are somewhat lower (up to 723 mm / year), and in the mountains themselves - higher (up to 2540 mm / year). The average temperature in July is 15.6°C, in January - 5.6°C.
The development of agriculture in Wales is limited due to the humid climate and the prevailing elevated terrain. The main industries are the breeding of sheep and cattle and the cultivation of fodder grasses. The moorlands are used as grazing grounds for numerous sheep, producing quality meat and coarse wool. The population of Wales is small and dispersed. In the valleys and coastal plains, sheep farming is giving way to dairy farming. Cereals and forage crops are usually grown there, and about ¼ of all arable land is used for oats, which are mainly fed to livestock. In the lower, wider parts of the valleys and on the coastal plains, mixed (non-specialized) agriculture is represented.
Photos of Wales
culture
Language and religion
The Welsh language belongs to the family of Celtic languages and is very closely related to Breton and Cornish. This is one of the most ancient languages in Europe, it is the VI century. n. e. In poetry distinctive feature Welsh is a special system based on alliteration, assonance and internal rhymes. The translation of the Bible in 1588 prevented the Welsh language from disintegrating into a number of dialects. The revival of Welsh literature in the 20th century. revived the cultural life of Wales, and the University of Wales develops and approves new standards for the Welsh language. In the development of a tradition dating back to the Middle Ages, a national competition is held annually among poets, singers and musicians using this language. Folk dance and music festivals have been organized annually since 1947.
In the XX century. interest in religion in Wales waned. Separated from the state, the Anglican Church has six dioceses here. The largest of the Protestant churches is the Church of Wales. In 1916, the residence of a Roman Catholic archbishop was established in Cardiff, but the number of Catholics in Wales is small.
Attractions
Parks and recreation areas
The Principality of Wales is one of the four administrative parts of Great Britain. In ancient times, the commonwealth of the Celtic kingdoms was located on its territory. Architectural monuments of those times can still be found in Wales today.
Located in the south-west of Great Britain, the principality is distinguished by amazing picturesqueness and a mild, travel-friendly climate. characteristic feature Wales are also numerous medieval castles that appeared here in the XIII century during the establishment of English rule.
The tiny towns and villages of Wales retain the spirit of both medieval and Victorian England. Numerous national parks and gardens offer tourists the beauty of local nature and culture.
The mountain landscapes of the Principality allow for active sports such as rock climbing and mountain biking. Surfing and windsurfing are popular in the Gower Peninsula area. Popular in the UK, golf is also in demand in Wales, where there are over two hundred playing fields. Dance and song festivals are often held in the principality.
There are eighteen national restaurants in the capital of Wales - Cardiff. Local cuisine is represented by tender lamb, spicy cheeses and fresh seafood.
The best way to travel around Wales is by train. Old steam locomotives and narrow gauge trains allow you to see the Principality in all its landscape splendor.
Popular hotels and hostels at affordable prices.
from 500 rubles/day
What to see in Wales?
The most interesting and beautiful places, photos and a brief description.
1. Powys Castle and Garden
The majestic dark pink castle of Powys, built in Wales about a thousand years ago, is famous throughout England not only for its ghost of the Lady in Black, but also for its picturesque garden, laid out in Italian style. Terraces carved into the rock, hedgerows, moss-covered trees, an apple orchard and a tropical greenhouse make up a worthy setting for a medieval structure.
2. St. David's Cathedral
St. Davids Cathedral was founded in 1181. The architectural appearance of the building was formed over several centuries. In the 13th century, the Cathedral of St. David suffered significant damage after an earthquake, in the middle of the 14th century, an episcopal palace was added to it, and at the beginning of the 16th, the Chapel of the Holy Trinity appeared.
3. Park Bute
Located on the two banks of the River Tuff, the city park of the capital of Wales - Cardiff was founded in 1873 as a garden area of the local castle, owned by the Marquesses of Bute. The main attractions of the park are the ruins of the monastery, the Lit mill and the local Arboretum. The recreation area is decorated with wooden, stone and metal sculptures.
4. Conwy
The northern Welsh city with a population of fifteen thousand people is rich in historical sights. It contains the medieval castle of the same name, built at the end of the 13th century by order of Edward I, the monastery of Aberconwy, residential buildings of the 14th-16th centuries and the most little house England, measuring 3.05 x 1.8 meters.
5. Llandudno
Founded at the end of the 13th century at the base of the Kreidin peninsula, the city in the 60s of the 19th century received the status of a seaside resort. This was facilitated by a significant restructuring of Llandudno, carried out by the architect J. Felton. At the best resort in Wales, you can not only relax, but also visit the Museum of the history of the city, as well as plunge into the fairy tale about “Alice in Wonderland” that came out from here.
6. Portmeirion Tourist Village
The original Italian-style village was created by architect C. Williams-Ellis on the site of a former foundry in the 1920s. Most of Portmeirion's buildings have an unusual 'folly' look. They mainly house hotels, souvenir shops, cafes and restaurants.
7. Cardiff National Museum
Founded in 1912, the Cardiff National Museum is integral part the larger National Museum of Wales, opened five years earlier. Museum collections, which include exhibits of an archaeological, botanical, geological and artistic nature, are located in the Cardiff Central Library building.
8. Pontkysillte Aqueduct
Located in the northeast of Wales, the navigable aqueduct of Pontkisillte was built at the beginning of the 19th century by engineer T. Telford. It was no coincidence that Walter Scott spoke of him as “the most beautiful work of art”: the grandiose structure is still the longest and highest aqueduct in all of Great Britain.
9. Bay and beach of Rossili
The picturesque Welsh Gulf of Rossili and the beach of the same name located within its borders is one of ten the best places recreation in the world. Romantic rocks, clear water, hospitable people and an unusual holiday house, which was once the residence of the parish priest, make the rest here truly unforgettable.
10. Isle of Anglesey
The favorite vacation spot of Prince William and Duchess Catherine is located near the northwest coast of Wales. Anglesey is connected to the mainland by two bridges. The first people settled on the island nine thousand years ago. Traces of their stay in the form of stone monuments are still found on Anglesey today.
11. Cardiff Castle
Built about two thousand years ago on the site of the ruins left from the ancient Roman fortress, the castle long time was used for urban needs - at the beginning as a fort, then as a judicial institution. Over time, Cardiff came into the use of the Marquesses of Bute. Today the castle houses the Historical and Archaeological Museum.
12. Trail along Vala Offa
The two hundred and seventy-kilometer trail that runs along the Offa Wall, which has been the conditional border between Wales and England for about a thousand years, is an excellent entertainment for tourists who love hiking. It takes an average of eleven days to overcome it. The route runs through the picturesque Welsh landscapes.
13. St. Fagans National Historic Site
Opened in 1948 on the grounds of St. Fagans Castle, the Cardiff Open Air Museum acquaints tourists with the cultural and architectural history of Wales from the time of the ancient Celts to the present day. Here you can see round Celtic houses and medieval chapels, the building of the classic English post office and the most ordinary pigsty.
14. Cape Great Orme
Cape Great Orme rises above the city of Llandudno. You can climb it on a tram departing from the outskirts of the city; go down - by cable car or on foot. Cape Great Orme offers a picturesque view of the city embankment and the bay. On the hills there is the Museum of Local Lore and the Open Air Museum, formed on the basis of ancient mines.
15. Snowdonia National Park
One hundred lakes, ninety mountain peaks, a huge number of beaches and moorlands, located in the north of Wales, make up one huge Snowdonia National Park. The remains of Roman fortifications and medieval castles attract lovers of antiquity, mountain ranges and lakes - fans of outdoor activities.
16. Cardiff Bay
Until the Second World War, Cardiff Bay was used exclusively for industrial purposes - for the export of coal mined in the South Valley. In 1999, it was modernized and turned into an entertainment area, surrounded by a twelve-kilometer embankment with shopping malls, bars and restaurants. Water sports can be practiced in the waters of Cardiff Bay.
17. Brecon Beacons National Park
The Brecon Lighthouses is a unique national park that includes not only natural, but also architectural sights of Wales. On its territory, located on four mountain ranges, there are mountain rivers and waterfalls, forest valleys and moorlands, tiny cities and ancient villages, Bronze Age relics and Celtic menhirs.
18. Caernarvon Castle
Built at the end of the 13th century by order of Edward I, the castle was conceived as a symbol of English rule over Wales. Massive walls, built in the shape of an irregular figure eight, and polygonal towers were crowned with statues of eagles and contained multi-colored stripes. Only the outer parts of Carnarvon have survived to this day, only the foundation has remained of the internal components.
19. Pembrokeshire Coast National Park
Located in the west of Wales, the National Park was opened in 1952. Today, on its territory, covered with wooded estuaries and rocky cliffs, there are several independent national and marine reserves. The beaches of Pembrokeshire Coast annually receive the most prestigious awards as the cleanest and most suitable for recreation.
20. Bodnant Garden
The family residence of Lord Aberconway was surrounded by a chic garden back in 1875. Since 1949, the flowering area has been protected by the National Trust. Top part Bodnata has the appearance of Italian terraces, the lower one consists of intricate paths and thickets of exotic and European fruit and berry plants and flowers.
As a general rule, most UK tourists spend most of their time in England, with occasional visits to other parts of the UK. However, to me, Scotland, and Northern Ireland, and, of course, Wales have their own distinctive features worthy of the attention of tourists.
Wales is characterized by moderately mountainous terrain that forms vast national parks. The largest and most famous of them are the Brecon Beacons, Pembrokeshire and Snowdonia, we will talk about them in more detail below. Wales is also famous for a large number surviving castles. Yes, yes, not only Scotland is famous for its ancient castles, Wales is in no way inferior in this regard. Wales is a mixture of rocky wastelands, sandy northern coasts, small cozy towns and a large number architectural structures included in the list world heritage UNESCO. Still doubting whether you need to go to Wales? Then we talk about each attraction in more detail.
Brecon Beacons National Park
The park was founded around the Brecon town of the same name in south Wales. The name of the park is translated as "Brecon lighthouses", and the lighthouses mean the mountains, which make up most of the terrain. But do not think that when you come to the Brecon Beacons, you will see only stone deserts. The park is also famous for other natural attractions such as waterfalls (the highest of which reaches 27 meters) and caves, valleys and ruins of ancient castles and monasteries, lakes and gorges.
More interesting feature The Brecon Beacons is an amazingly clear sky (there are practically no industrial plants and factories in Wales). It is believed that at night you can see a real starfall here.
Most of the rocks are red sandstone, which has a rich brownish-cherry color, giving the area an unusual "Martian" look. The most popular hiking trails are those leading to Pen Y Fan Peak (the highest mountain peak, reaching 826 meters), to the “black” mountain (the mountain got its name because of the glacial activity that was once here, leaving several mountain lakes) and to the waterfall Sgwd yr Eira, which has shallow caves behind it, so that it can be viewed from all sides.
Don't forget to also visit the many small romantic towns and villages you meet along the way, as they have managed to maintain a unique Welsh flavor, little has changed in terms of architecture over the years, and you will also have a chance to hear real Welsh speech. Such interesting places include Abergavenny, Brecon, Crickhowell, Llandeilo, Llandovery, Llangadoug and others.
Phil Dolby/flickr
Pembrokeshire National Park
Pembrokeshire Park is located on the coast of Wales and this is its main feature. The main landscapes are interspersed with steep rocky formations extending into the sea to sandy deserted beaches, somewhat reminiscent of the dunes of the Curonian Spit. In addition to part of the mainland coast, the park also includes the islands - Coldy, Grassholm, Ramsay, Skokholm and Skomer. Here you can see not only rare species birds, but also, for example, fur seal rookeries.
Of the must-see places, one can note the smallest town in the UK, St. David, Milford Harbor, which is considered the deepest natural bay in the world, Ceibwr Bay, which has unique rocky cliffs formed here back in the Ice Age. Of course, walking along the sandy shores and a trip to one of the reserve islands of the park will give you great pleasure.
By the way, Pembrokeshire Park is considered the oldest in the UK, it was formed in 1952, the very first in the country. Initially, the park included only the coast, but then some other lands, as well as islands, were also included here. The famous trail along the coast of Wales is still very popular today, because it is an opportunity to see the spacious sandy beaches and steep cliffs, hills and valleys, the unique flora and fauna of the area.
Moving along the coast, be prepared for the fact that at any moment the wind can increase and it can begin to rain, this is due to the unstable climate in Wales, however, in general, the weather here is still quite mild. But waterproof shoes and raincoats will definitely not be superfluous. Many of the beaches on the coast are marked with blue flags, which means that the beaches here are the cleanest in the world. This is especially true for the beaches of St. David, Newgale and Broad Haven.
David Evans/flickr
snowdonia national park
Snowdonia is one of the most popular parks in the UK. The place is especially in demand among rock climbers and hikers, since the terrain here is mostly mountainous. The most beautiful and famous peaks are Snowdon (after whom the park was named), Glideray and Carnedy. By the way, in order to climb to the top of Snowdon, it is not at all necessary to have climbing skills, because. there is a funicular. Often this territory of North Wales is compared with the small Alps, the nature here is so picturesque.
Snowdonia is not only mountains, but also lakes, waterfalls, castles and a tourist railway - all this makes the place unusual and fabulous, somewhat reminiscent of the landscapes of the film "The Lord of the Rings". Snowdonia offers rock climbing, hiking, kayaking and other outdoor sports. Among other things, the park is also home to numerous species of birds, some of which can only be found here. Just think, such rare species of birds as buzzards, peregrine falcons, finches, jays and many others flock here. Among the animals there are bats, red squirrels, badgers, ferrets and other animals. By the way, part of the park overlooks the coast of the Irish Sea, so you can also meet seals, dolphins and even turtles here.
Be sure to take a ride on the tourist railway. The trip will take only 2.5 hours, and the impressions will remain for a long time. The road is open from May to October and includes an ascent to Snowdon Peak. Some of the other peaks in Snowdonia also have their railways with tourist routes no less mesmerizing in their views.
Of the castles, Dolbadarn, Dollvidelan, Harleck, Conwy and some others are especially popular. All of them have retained their original appearance and have a rich history.
Prashant Ram/flickr
Castles of North Wales
Among the sights of Wales preserved castles and fortresses is the pearl of the region. In total, about 12 structures have survived in North Wales, some of them have been preserved in an almost untouched form, some of them have only majestic ruins. If you decide to drive through all the surviving objects, then here is a complete list for you:
Beaumaris - located on the island of Anglesey, translated from French as "beautiful swamp", included in the UNESCO World Heritage List;
Denby - only ruins have survived to this day, it was once part of the defensive ring of King Edward I;
Dolviddelan - the castle dates back to 1200. buildings, the tower has survived to this day;
Dolbadarn - built in the 13th century, only the castle tower has survived;
Kaergurl - the building also belongs to the end of the 12th century, today only fragments of the fortress wall remain;
Conway - The castle was built at the end of the 12th century, since then it has undergone many sieges and wars, but has survived to this day in good condition, towers and fortress walls have been preserved;
Cricket - only separate fortifications remained from the castle, but the picturesque location on a hill washed by the sea makes the place unusually romantic;
Caernarfon - the castle is located on the coast of North Wales near the island of Anglesey, perfectly preserved to this day;
Rudlan is another castle from the 12th century, only fragments have survived to this day, including a tower and walls;
Flint - Flint Castle once served as a citadel, now preserved only in fragments;
Harleck - the castle has a typical concentric shape, perfectly preserved to this day and is included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites;
Chirk is the most well-kept of all the castles, has its own English garden and park, which also deserve the attention of tourists.
Patana Rattananavathong/flickr
Cardiff, the capital of Wales
Cardiff is considered the main city and heart of Wales. It is located in the very south, at the confluence of three rivers at once. Many sights, both historical and modern, have been preserved in Cardiff, so almost any tourist will find a place according to their interests.
So, be sure to visit Cardiff Castle, the Millennium Stadium, Cardiff Bay, Llandaff Cathedral, city parks, the Cardiff National Museum or one of the many festivals and events taking place in Cardiff constantly throughout the year.
The center of Cardiff is quite compact, so it is most convenient to get around here on foot, moving from one attraction to another. Getting to the main city of Wales is also not difficult, since there is a local airport, a railway station, and bus stations. Moving around Wales itself is most convenient on a rented car, since not all attractions in Wales are easily accessible by public transport.
You can rent a car in advance so that all the formalities are ready for your arrival. It is most convenient to use the services of international rental offices. You can check the cost of car rental on a search engine that can compare the offers of various companies offering car rental and show the most profitable options.
Fred Bigio/flickr
Practical and eventful travels for you!